本文摘自《C++编程语言》第四版，作者Bjarne Stroustrup。讲解了C++中容器的尺寸（size）与容量（capacity）的区别：尺寸是指容器当前元素的数量，而容量则是指在需要分配更多内存前容器可以容纳的元素数量。当改变容器的尺寸或容量时，原有的迭代器、指针及引用可能失效。
(留坑待填）
Extraction from the C++ Programming Language 4th. ed., Bjarne Stroustrup
31.3.3 Size and Capacity
The size is the number of elements in the container; the capacity is the number of elements that a container can hold before allocating more memory.
When changing the size or the capacity, the elements may be moved to new locations. That implies that iterators (and pointers and references) to elements may become invalid (i.e., point to the old element locations).
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