浅谈Python之sys.argv

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-20 08:30:00 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2025-06-20 08:30:00 发布 · 433 阅读

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/johnyang/p/10479868.html

文章标签：

#python #操作系统

本文详细解析了Python中sys.argv的功能，解释了如何通过命令行参数传递信息到脚本，以及sys.argv在脚本中的使用方式。通过实例展示了如何读取并打印sys.argv中的元素。

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（1）sys.argv是什么

sys模块为进入解释器维护或使用的变量，以及与解释器相关的函数提供了途径。sys.argv在脚本程序中扮演了这样一个角色：将命令行输入的参数作为一个list传入脚本程序，即我们可以在cmd命令形式驱动程序方法下，将设定的参数传入脚本，argv[0]是驱动脚本的名字（由操作系统来决定是否是全路径的名字），如果cmd中，将-c传入，那么argv[0]就是-c，

分界线中的内容为cmd驱动脚本的详细解释，而关于cmd，-c传入的栗子，本文不再赘述详见https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/03b2f78c3b38f05ea237ae05.html

在解释中，我们看到py [launcher-args] [python-args] script [script-args]，这里script是脚本名字，而其后的[script-args]正是要传入脚本中sys.argv的列表，从argv[1]开始。下面举个简单的例子：

import sys
a=sys.argv[0]
b=sys.argv[1]
c=sys.argv[2]
print('argv0:%s'% a)
print('argv1:%s'% b)
print('argv2:%s'%c)

以上代码命名为sys_argvTest.py

然后在cmd中运行：

可以看到在脚本名字后面的'thisisargv1' 'thisisargv2'分别传入了脚本中的sys.argv[1],sys.argv[2]中

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------这是一道华丽的分界线--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

usage:
py [launcher-args] [python-args] script [script-args]

Launcher arguments:

-2     : Launch the latest Python 2.x version
-3     : Launch the latest Python 3.x version
-X.Y   : Launch the specified Python version
     The above all default to 64 bit if a matching 64 bit python is present.
-X.Y-32: Launch the specified 32bit Python version
-X-32 : Launch the latest 32bit Python X version
-X.Y-64: Launch the specified 64bit Python version
-X-64 : Launch the latest 64bit Python X version
-0 --list       : List the available pythons
-0p --list-paths : List with paths

The following help text is from Python:

usage: C:\Users\Options and arguments (and corresponding environment variables):
-b     : issue warnings about str(bytes_instance), str(bytearray_instance)
         and comparing bytes/bytearray with str. (-bb: issue errors)
-B     : don't write .pyc files on import; also PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=x
-c cmd : program passed in as string (terminates option list)
-d     : debug output from parser; also PYTHONDEBUG=x
-E     : ignore PYTHON* environment variables (such as PYTHONPATH)
-h     : print this help message and exit (also --help)
-i     : inspect interactively after running script; forces a prompt even
         if stdin does not appear to be a terminal; also PYTHONINSPECT=x
-I     : isolate Python from the user's environment (implies -E and -s)
-m mod : run library module as a script (terminates option list)
-O     : remove assert and __debug__-dependent statements; add .opt-1 before
         .pyc extension; also PYTHONOPTIMIZE=x
-OO    : do -O changes and also discard docstrings; add .opt-2 before
         .pyc extension
-q     : don't print version and copyright messages on interactive startup
-s     : don't add user site directory to sys.path; also PYTHONNOUSERSITE
-S     : don't imply 'import site' on initialization
-u     : force the stdout and stderr streams to be unbuffered;
         this option has no effect on stdin; also PYTHONUNBUFFERED=x
-v     : verbose (trace import statements); also PYTHONVERBOSE=x
         can be supplied multiple times to increase verbosity
-V     : print the Python version number and exit (also --version)
         when given twice, print more information about the build
-W arg : warning control; arg is action:message:category:module:lineno
         also PYTHONWARNINGS=arg
-x     : skip first line of source, allowing use of non-Unix forms of #!cmd
-X opt : set implementation-specific option
--check-hash-based-pycs always|default|never:
    control how Python invalidates hash-based .pyc files
file   : program read from script file
-      : program read from stdin (default; interactive mode if a tty)
arg ...: arguments passed to program in sys.argv[1:]

Other environment variables:
PYTHONSTARTUP: file executed on interactive startup (no default)
PYTHONPATH   : ';'-separated list of directories prefixed to the
               default module search path. The result is sys.path.
PYTHONHOME   : alternate <prefix> directory (or <prefix>;<exec_prefix>).
               The default module search path uses <prefix>\python{major}{minor}.
PYTHONCASEOK : ignore case in 'import' statements (Windows).
PYTHONIOENCODING: Encoding[:errors] used for stdin/stdout/stderr.
PYTHONFAULTHANDLER: dump the Python traceback on fatal errors.
PYTHONHASHSEED: if this variable is set to 'random', a random value is used
   to seed the hashes of str, bytes and datetime objects. It can also be
   set to an integer in the range [0,4294967295] to get hash values with a
   predictable seed.
PYTHONMALLOC: set the Python memory allocators and/or install debug hooks
   on Python memory allocators. Use PYTHONMALLOC=debug to install debug
   hooks.
PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE: if this variable is set to 0, it disables the locale
   coercion behavior. Use PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=warn to request display of
   locale coercion and locale compatibility warnings on stderr.
PYTHONBREAKPOINT: if this variable is set to 0, it disables the default
   debugger. It can be set to the callable of your debugger of choice.
PYTHONDEVMODE: enable the development mode.

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/johnyang/p/10479868.html