signature=3b8e20d4188931dd5a5de760a80c5cdb,Seasonal variability of atmospheric nitrogen oxides and n...

摘要：

Measurements of atmospheric nitrogen oxides NO(NO= NO + NO), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), NO, and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) were taken at the Greenland Environmental Observatory at Summit (GEOSummit) station, Greenland (72.34° N, 38.29° W; 3212 m a.s.l.), from July 2008 to July 2010. The data set represents the first year-round concurrent record of these compounds sampled at a high latitude Arctic site. Here, the study focused on the seasonal variability of these important ozone (O) precursors in the Arctic troposphere and the impact from transported anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions. Our analysis shows that PAN is the dominant NOspecies in all seasons at Summit, varying from 42 to 76 %; however, we find that odd NOspecies (odd NO= NO- PAN - NO) contribute a large amount to the total NOspeciation. We hypothesize that the source of this odd NOis most likely alkyl nitrates and nitric acid (HNO) from transported pollution, and photochemically produced species such as nitrous acid (HONO). FLEXPART retroplume analyses and black carbon (BC) tracers for anthropogenic and biomass burning (BB) emissions were used to identify periods when the site was impacted by polluted air masses. Europe contributed the largest source of anthropogenic emissions during the winter months (November-March) with 56 % of the total anthropogenic BC tracer originating from Europe in 2008-2009 and 69 % in 2009-2010. The polluted plumes resulted in mean enhancements above background levels up to 334, 295, 88, and 1119 pmol molfor NO, PAN, NO, and ethane, respectively, over the two winters. Enhancements in Oprecursors during the second winter were typically higher, which may be attributed to the increase in European polluted air masses transported to Summit in 2009-2010 compared to 2008-2009. Olevels were highly variable within the sampled anthropogenic plumes with mean ΔOlevels ranging from -6.7 to 7.6 nmol molduring the winter periods. North America was the primary source of biomass burning emissions during the summer; however, only 13 BB events were observed as the number of air masses transported to Summit, with significant BB emissions, was low in general during the measurement period. The BB plumes were typically very aged, with median transport times to the site from the source region of 14 days. The analyses of Oand precursor levels during the BB events indicate that some of the plumes sampled impacted the atmospheric chemistry at Summit, with enhancements observed in all measured species.

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