Spring MVC（入门）

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-24 13:27:17 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2024-10-24 13:27:17 发布 · 107 阅读

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本文详细介绍了一个基于SpringMVC的Web项目搭建过程，包括pom.xml配置、web.xml设置、springmvc.xml定义以及控制器编写，展示了如何整合依赖、配置服务器、处理资源文件和设置视图解析。

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pom.xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.zbj01</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring01</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <name>spring01</name>

    <!--依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <!--Spring MVC-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--servlet-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
        <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
        <!-- 处理无法加载资源配置文件-->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <!--配置jetty servlet服务器-->
        <plugins>
            <!--配置maven编译插件-->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>9.4.12.v20180830</version>
                <configuration>
                    <stopKey>exit</stopKey>
                    <stopPort>8989</stopPort>
                    <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
                    <reload>manual</reload>
                    <webAppConfig>
                        <contextPath></contextPath>
                    </webAppConfig>
                    <httpConnector>
                        <port>80</port>
                    </httpConnector>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>jetty-run</id>
                        <phase>test</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>run</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

web.xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
  <display-name>spring01</display-name>

  <!--配置springmvc servlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>smvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
   <!--如下配置，指定修改springmvc文件的名称和位置，classpath* resources 目录-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath*:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>smvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

建立resources目录/ springmvc.xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 配置handerAdapter  适配器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>

    <!-- 处理映射器 根据bean name 名称进行查找 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>

    <!-- 配置视图渲染器 -->
    <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <!-- 将视图名 渲染后视图的前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/template/"/>
        <!-- 渲染后视图的后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <bean class="com.zbj.controller.UserController" name="/user.action"></bean>
    <!-- 引入其它配置文件 -->
    <import resource="user.xml"/>
</beans>


编写控制器类

package com.zbj.controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class UserController implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("user");// 项目根目录下 /WEB-INF/user.jsp
        mv.addObject("name","张三丰");
        mv.addObject("addr",new String[]{"郑州","北京","天津"});
//        mv.setViewName("WEB-INF/show"); //找/WEB-INF/show.jsp 渲染 /WEB-INF/show.jsp
        return mv;
    }
}

建立template目录/user.jsp

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>${name}</h3>
<c:forEach items="${addr}" var="addr">
    <p>${addr}</p>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>


启动服务器访问 localhost/user.action