BIOS工程师需要掌握的技术知识

一、硬件与体系结构

处理器架构
熟悉ARM、X86、PowerPC等一种或以上处理器体系架构与工作原理。了解处理器的指令集、缓存机制、总线接口等,这是BIOS开发的基础。

硬件接口与协议
了解并熟悉I2C、SPI、LPC、UART、USB、PCI、PCIe、Network、SAS、SATA、GPIO、VGA、Flash、DDR等设备的开发流程和技术细节。这些接口和协议在BIOS中与硬件设备进行通信和数据传输时至关重要。

学习计算机基础知识
目标:理解计算机的基本构造和运行原理。
建议阅读:计算机组成原理、操作系统原理。

二、BIOS与固件技术

BIOS基本原理
掌握BIOS的基本概念、工作流程和启动过程。了解BIOS如何对硬件设备进行自检、初始化,并加载操作系统。

UEFI规范
熟悉UEFI(统一可扩展固件接口)规范,包括其架构、启动流程、驱动模型等。UEFI是现代BIOS的替代品,提供了更丰富的功能和更好的兼容性。

ACPI规范
掌握ACPI(高级配置和电源接口)规范,了解电源管理、热管理、设备枚举等机制。ACPI是BIOS和操作系统之间进行交互的重要接口。

SMBIOS规范
SMBIOS规范定义了数据结构和系统相关数据的信息,用于显示产品管理信息。

三、编程与调试

编程语言
熟练掌握C、C++等 软件开发语言,以及汇编语

BIOS-UEFI安全培训包 Training: Security of BIOS/UEFI System Firmware from Attacker and Defender Perspectives This repository contains materials for a hands-on training Security of BIOS/UEFI System Firmware from Attacker and Defender Perspectives A variety of attacks targeting system firmware have been discussed publicly, drawing attention to the pre-boot and firmware components of the platform such as BIOS and SMM, OS loaders and secure booting. This training will detail and organize objectives, attack vectors, vulnerabilities and exploits against various types of system firmware such as legacy BIOS, SMI handlers and UEFI based firmware, mitigations as well as tools and methods available to analyze security of such firmware components. It will also detail protections available in hardware and in firmware such as Secure Boot implemented by modern operating systems against bootkits. The training includes theoretical material describing a structured approach to system firmware security analysis and mitigations as well as many hands-on exercises to test system firmware for vulnerabilities. After the training you should have basic understanding of platform hardware components and various types of system firmware, security objectives and attacks against system firmware, mitigations available in hardware and firmware. You should be able to apply this knowledge in practice to identify vulnerabilities in BIOS and perform forensic analysis of the firmware. Materials Module 0 Introduction to Firmware Security Module 1 BIOS and UEFI Firmware Fundamentals Module 2 Bootkits and UEFI Secure Boot Module 3 Hands-On Platform Hardware and Firmware Module 4 System Firmware Attack Vectors Module 5 Hands-On EFI Environment Module 6 Mitigations Module 7 System Firmware Forensics Miscellaneous Materials
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