转载:http://www.open-open.com/bbs/view/1320114015061
上一节中我们通过http协议,采用HttpClient向服务器端action请求数据。当然调用服务器端方法获取数据并不止这一种。WebService也可以为我们提供所需数据,
那么什么是webService呢?,它是一种基于SAOP协议的远程调用标准,通过webservice可以将不同操作系统平台,不同语言,不同技术整合到一起。
我们在PC机器java客户端中,需要一些库,比如XFire,Axis2,CXF等等来支持访问WebService,但是这些库并不适合我们资源有限 的android手机客户端,做过JAVA ME的人都知道有KSOAP这个第三方的类库,可以帮助我们获取服务器端webService调用,当然KSOAP已经提供了基于android版本的 jar包了,那么我们就开始吧:
首先下载KSOAP包:ksoap2-android-assembly-2.5.2-jar-with-dependencies.jar包
然后新建android项目:并把下载的KSOAP包放在android项目的lib目录下:右键->build path->configure build path--选择Libraries,如图:
以下分为七个步骤来调用WebService方法:
第一:实例化SoapObject 对象,指定webService的命名空间(从相关WSDL文档中可以查看命名空间),以及调用方法名称。如:

// 命名空间 private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/"; // 调用方法(获得支持的城市) private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity"; // 实例化SoapObject对象 SoapObject request= new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity);
第二步:假设方法有参数的话,设置调用方法参数
request.addProperty("参数名称","参数值");
第三步:设置SOAP请求信息(参数部分为SOAP协议版本号,与你要调用的webService中版本号一致):

// 获得序列化的Envelope SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope= new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.bodyOut=request;
第四步:注册Envelope,
(new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);
第五步:构建传输对象,并指明WSDL文档URL:

// 请求URL private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx"; // Android传输对象 AndroidHttpTransport transport= new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL); transport.debug= true;
第六步:调用WebService(其中参数为1:命名空间+方法名称,2:Envelope对象):

transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
第七步:解析返回数据:

if(envelope.getResponse()!= null){ return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString()); } /** ************ * 解析XML * @param str * @return */ private static List<String> parse(String str){ String temp; List<String> list= new ArrayList<String>(); if(str!= null && str.length()>0){ int start=str.indexOf("string"); int end=str.lastIndexOf(";"); temp=str.substring(start, end-3); String []test=temp.split(";"); for( int i=0;i<test.length;i++){ if(i==0){ temp=test[i].substring(7); } else{ temp=test[i].substring(8); } int index=temp.indexOf(","); list.add(temp.substring(0, index)); } } return list; }
这样就成功啦。那么现在我们就来测试下吧,这里有个地址提供webService天气预报的服务的,我这里只提供获取城市列表:

//命名空间 private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/"; //请求URL private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx"; //调用方法(获得支持的城市) private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity"; //调用城市的方法(需要带参数) private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName"; //调用省或者直辖市的方法(获得支持的省份或直辖市) private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";
然后你可以在浏览器中输入地址(WSDL):serviceURL,你会看到一些可供调用的方法:
我们选择获取国内外主要城市或者省份的方法吧:getSupportProvice,然后调用,你会发现浏览器返回给我们的是xml文档:

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> - < ArrayOfString xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns ="http://WebXml.com.cn/" > < string >直辖市 </ string > < string >特别行政区 </ string > < string >黑龙江 </ string > < string >吉林 </ string > < string >辽宁 </ string > < string >内蒙古 </ string > < string >河北 </ string > < string >河南 </ string > < string >山东 </ string > < string >山西 </ string > < string >江苏 </ string > < string >安徽 </ string > < string >陕西 </ string > < string >宁夏 </ string > < string >甘肃 </ string > < string >青海 </ string > < string >湖北 </ string > < string >湖南 </ string > < string >浙江 </ string > < string >江西 </ string > < string >福建 </ string > < string >贵州 </ string > < string >四川 </ string > < string >广东 </ string > < string >广西 </ string > < string >云南 </ string > < string >海南 </ string > < string >新疆 </ string > < string >西藏 </ string > < string >台湾 </ string > < string >亚洲 </ string > < string >欧洲 </ string > < string >非洲 </ string > < string >北美洲 </ string > < string >南美洲 </ string > < string >大洋洲 </ string > </ ArrayOfString >
我们可以用 listview来显示:
那么下面我将给出全部代码:

public class WebServiceHelper { // WSDL文档中的命名空间 private static final String targetNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/"; // WSDL文档中的URL private static final String WSDL="http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl"; // 需要调用的方法名(获得本天气预报Web Services支持的洲、国内外省份和城市信息) private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince"; // 需要调用的方法名(获得本天气预报Web Services支持的城市信息,根据省份查询城市集合:带参数) private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity"; // 根据城市或地区名称查询获得未来三天内天气情况、现在的天气实况、天气和生活指数 private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName"; /** ****** * 获得州,国内外省份和城市信息 * @return */ public List<String> getProvince(){ List<String> provinces= new ArrayList<String>(); String str=""; SoapObject soapObject= new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportProvince); // request.addProperty("参数", "参数值");调用的方法参数与参数值(根据具体需要可选可不选) SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope= new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.dotNet= true; envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject); // envelope.bodyOut=request; AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation= new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL); // 或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL); try { httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace+getSupportProvince, envelope); SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse(); // 下面对结果进行解析,结构类似json对象 // str=(String) result.getProperty(6).toString(); int count=result.getPropertyCount(); for( int index=0;index<count;index++){ provinces.add(result.getProperty(index).toString()); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return provinces; } /** ******** * 根据省份或者直辖市获取天气预报所支持的城市集合 * @param province * @return */ public List<String> getCitys(String province){ List<String> citys= new ArrayList<String>(); SoapObject soapObject= new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportCity); soapObject.addProperty("byProvinceName", province); SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope= new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.dotNet= true; envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject); AndroidHttpTransport httpTransport= new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL); try { httpTransport.call(targetNameSpace+getSupportCity, envelope); SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse(); int count=result.getPropertyCount(); for( int index=0;index<count;index++){ citys.add(result.getProperty(index).toString()); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return citys; } /** ************************* * 根据城市信息获取天气预报信息 * @param city * @return ************************** */ public WeatherBean getWeatherByCity(String city){ WeatherBean bean= new WeatherBean(); SoapObject soapObject= new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getWeatherbyCityName); soapObject.addProperty("theCityName",city); // 调用的方法参数与参数值(根据具体需要可选可不选) SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope= new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.dotNet= true; envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject); // envelope.bodyOut=request; AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation= new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL); // 或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL); try { httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope); SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse(); // 下面对结果进行解析,结构类似json对象 bean=parserWeather(result); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return bean; } /** * 解析返回的结果 * @param soapObject */ protected WeatherBean parserWeather(SoapObject soapObject){ WeatherBean bean= new WeatherBean(); List<Map<String,Object>> list= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>(); Map<String,Object> map= new HashMap<String,Object>(); // 城市名 bean.setCityName(soapObject.getProperty(1).toString()); // 城市简介 bean.setCityDescription(soapObject.getProperty(soapObject.getPropertyCount()-1).toString()); // 天气实况+建议 bean.setLiveWeather(soapObject.getProperty(10).toString()+"\n"+soapObject.getProperty(11).toString()); // 其他数据 // 日期, String date=soapObject.getProperty(6).toString(); // --------------------------------------------------- String weatherToday="今天:" + date.split(" ")[0]; weatherToday+="\n天气:"+ date.split(" ")[1]; weatherToday+="\n气温:"+soapObject.getProperty(5).toString(); weatherToday+="\n风力:"+soapObject.getProperty(7).toString(); weatherToday+="\n"; List<Integer> icons= new ArrayList<Integer>(); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(8).toString())); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(9).toString())); map.put("weatherDay", weatherToday); map.put("icons",icons); list.add(map); // ------------------------------------------------- map= new HashMap<String,Object>(); date=soapObject.getProperty(13).toString(); String weatherTomorrow="明天:" + date.split(" ")[0]; weatherTomorrow+="\n天气:"+ date.split(" ")[1]; weatherTomorrow+="\n气温:"+soapObject.getProperty(12).toString(); weatherTomorrow+="\n风力:"+soapObject.getProperty(14).toString(); weatherTomorrow+="\n"; icons= new ArrayList<Integer>(); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(15).toString())); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(16).toString())); map.put("weatherDay", weatherTomorrow); map.put("icons",icons); list.add(map); // -------------------------------------------------------------- map= new HashMap<String,Object>(); date=soapObject.getProperty(18).toString(); String weatherAfterTomorrow="后天:" + date.split(" ")[0]; weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n天气:"+ date.split(" ")[1]; weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n气温:"+soapObject.getProperty(17).toString(); weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n风力:"+soapObject.getProperty(19).toString(); weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n"; icons= new ArrayList<Integer>(); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(20).toString())); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(21).toString())); map.put("weatherDay", weatherAfterTomorrow); map.put("icons",icons); list.add(map); // -------------------------------------------------------------- bean.setList(list); return bean; } // 解析图标字符串 private int parseIcon(String data){ // 0.gif,返回名称0, int resID=32; String result=data.substring(0, data.length()-4).trim(); // String []icon=data.split("."); // String result=icon[0].trim(); // Log.e("this is the icon", result.trim()); if(!result.equals("nothing")){ resID=Integer.parseInt(result.trim()); } return resID; // return ("a_"+data).split(".")[0]; } }
以及帮助类:

public class WebServiceUtil { // 命名空间 private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/"; // 请求URL private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx"; // 调用方法(获得支持的城市) private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity"; // 调用城市的方法(需要带参数) private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName"; // 调用省或者直辖市的方法(获得支持的省份或直辖市) private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince"; /** *********** * @return城市列表 ************ */ public static List<String> getCityList(){ // 实例化SoapObject对象 SoapObject request= new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity); // 获得序列化的Envelope SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope= new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.bodyOut=request; ( new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope); // Android传输对象 AndroidHttpTransport transport= new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL); transport.debug= true; // 调用 try { transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope); if(envelope.getResponse()!= null){ return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString()); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } public static List<String> getProviceList(){ // 实例化SoapObject对象 SoapObject request= new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportProvince); // 获得序列化的Envelope SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope= new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.bodyOut=request; ( new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope); // Android传输对象 AndroidHttpTransport transport= new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL); transport.debug= true; // 调用 try { transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope); if(envelope.getResponse()!= null){ return null; } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** *********** * @param cityName * @return ************ */ public static String getWeather(String cityName){ return ""; } /** ************ * 解析XML * @param str * @return */ private static List<String> parse(String str){ String temp; List<String> list= new ArrayList<String>(); if(str!= null && str.length()>0){ int start=str.indexOf("string"); int end=str.lastIndexOf(";"); temp=str.substring(start, end-3); String []test=temp.split(";"); for( int i=0;i<test.length;i++){ if(i==0){ temp=test[i].substring(7); } else{ temp=test[i].substring(8); } int index=temp.indexOf(","); list.add(temp.substring(0, index)); } } return list; } /** ******* * 获取天气 * @param soapObject */ private void parseWeather(SoapObject soapObject){ // String date=soapObject.getProperty(6); } }
以上就是我所作的查询天气预报的全部核心代码了,读者可以根据注释以及本文章了解下具体实现,相信很快就搞明白了,运行结果如下: