Oracle 监听器

对于DBA来说，启动和关闭oracle监听器是很基础的任务，但是Linux系统管理员或者程序员有时也需要在开发数据库中做一些基本的DBA操作，因此了解一些基本的管理操作对他们来说很重要。

      本文将讨论用LSNRCTL命令启动、关闭和查看监听器的状态的方法。

怎样启动、关闭和重新启动oracle监听器

在启动、关闭或者重启oracle监听器之前确保使用lsnrctl status命令检查oracle监听器的状态。除了得到监听器的状态之外，你还可以从lsnrctl status命令的输出中得到如下的信息：

    * 监听器的启动时间
    * 监听器的运行时间
    * 监听器参数文件listener.ora的位置，通常位于$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下
    * 监听器日志文件的位置

如果oracle监听器没用运行，你将得到如下的信息

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   1. $ lsnrctl status 
   2.  
   3. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:39 
   4.  
   5. Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 
   6.  
   7. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) 
   8. TNS-12541: TNS:no listener 
   9.  TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error 
  10.   TNS-00511: No listener 
  11.    Linux Error: 111: Connection refused 
  12. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC))) 
  13. TNS-12541: TNS:no listener 
  14.  TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error 
  15.   TNS-00511: No listener 
  16.    Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory 

$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:39 Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) TNS-12541: TNS:no listener TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00511: No listener Linux Error: 111: Connection refused Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC))) TNS-12541: TNS:no listener TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00511: No listener Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

如果oracle监听器正在运行，你将得到如下信息

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   1. $ lsnrctl status 
   2.  
   3. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:02 
   4.  
   5. Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 
   6.  
   7. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) 
   8. STATUS of the LISTENER 
   9. ———————— 
  10. Alias                     LISTENER 
  11. Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production 
  12. Start Date                29-APR-2009 18:43:13 
  13. Uptime                    6 days 21 hr. 43 min. 49 sec 
  14. Trace Level               off 
  15. Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication 
  16. SNMP                      OFF 
  17. Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora 
  18. Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml 
  19. Listening Endpoints Summary… 
  20.   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) 
  21.   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC))) 
  22. Services Summary… 
  23. Service “devdb” has 1 instance(s). 
  24.   Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service… 
  25. Service “devdb.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s). 
  26.   Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service… 
  27. Service “devdbXDB.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s). 
  28.   Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service… 
  29. Service “devdb_XPT.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s). 
  30.   Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service… 
  31. The command completed successfully 

$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:02 Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ———————— Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production Start Date 29-APR-2009 18:43:13 Uptime 6 days 21 hr. 43 min. 49 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary… (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC))) Services Summary… Service “devdb” has 1 instance(s). Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service… Service “devdb.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s). Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service… Service “devdbXDB.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s). Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service… Service “devdb_XPT.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s). Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service… The command completed successfully

2.启动oracle监听器

如果oracle监听器没用运行，你可以用lsnrctl start命令启动oracle监听器，该命令将启动所有的监听器，如果你只想启动特定的监听器，可以再start后面指定监听器的名字，例如：lsnrctl start [listener-name]。

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   1. $ lsnrctl start 
   2.  
   3. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:42 
   4.  
   5. Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 
   6.  
   7. Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait… 
   8.  
   9. TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production 
  10. System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora 
  11. Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml 
  12. Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) 
  13. Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC))) 
  14.  
  15. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) 
  16. STATUS of the LISTENER 
  17. ———————— 
  18. Alias                     LISTENER 
  19. Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production 
  20. Start Date                04-APR-2009 16:27:42 
  21. Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec 
  22. Trace Level               off 
  23. Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication 
  24. SNMP                      OFF 
  25. Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora 
  26. Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml 
  27. Listening Endpoints Summary… 
  28.   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) 
  29.   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC))) 
  30. Services Summary… 
  31. Service “devdb” has 1 instance(s). 
  32.   Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service… 
  33. The command completed successfully 

$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:42 Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait… TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ———————— Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production Start Date 04-APR-2009 16:27:42 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary… (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC))) Services Summary… Service “devdb” has 1 instance(s). Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service… The command completed successfully

3.关闭oracle监听器

如果oracle监听器正在运行，可以使用lsnrctl stop命令关闭oracle监听器，该命令将关闭所有的监听器，如果你只想关闭特定的监听器，可以再stop后面指定监听器的名字，例如：lsnrctl stop [listener-name]

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   1. $ lsnrctl stop 
   2.  
   3. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:37 
   4.  
   5. Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 
   6.  
   7. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) 
   8. The command completed successfully 

$ lsnrctl stop LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:37 Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) The command completed successfully

4.重启oracle监听器

用lsnrctl reload重启监听器，此命令可以代替lsnrctl stop和lsnrctl start。重启将会在不需要关闭和启动监听器的情况下读取listener.ora的配置。

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   1. $ lsnrctl reload 
   2.  
   3. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 17:03:31 
   4.  
   5. Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 
   6.  
   7. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) 
   8. The command completed successfully 

$ lsnrctl reload LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 17:03:31 Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))) The command completed successfully

Oracle监听器帮助

1.查看所有的监听器命令

lsnrctl hep命令可以显示所有可用的监听器命令。在oracle11g中其输出如下：
# start - Start the Oracle listener
# stop - Stop the Oracle listener
# status - Display the current status of the Oracle listener
# services - Retrieve the listener services information
# version - Display the oracle listener version information
# reload - This will reload the oracle listener SID and parameter files. This is equivalent to lsnrctl stop and lsnrctl start.
# save_config - This will save the current settings to the listener.ora file and also take a backup of the listener.ora file before overwriting it. If there are no changes, it will display the message “No changes to save for LISTENER”
# trace - Enable the tracing at the listener level. The available options are ‘trace OFF’, ‘trace USER’, ‘trace ADMIN’ or ‘trace SUPPORT’
# spawn - Spawns a new with the program with the spawn_alias mentioned in the listener.ora file
# change_password - Set the new password to the oracle listener (or) change the existing listener password.
# show - Display log files and other relevant listener information.

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   1. $ lsnrctl help 
   2.  
   3. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:12:09 
   4.  
   5. Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 
   6.  
   7. The following operations are available 
   8. An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command: 
   9.  
  10. start               stop                status 
  11. services            version             reload 
  12. save_config         trace               spawn 
  13. change_password     quit                exit 
  14. set*                show* 

$ lsnrctl help LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:12:09 Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. The following operations are available An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command: start stop status services version reload save_config trace spawn change_password quit exit set* show*

2.得到指定监听器命令的详细帮助信息

可以使用lsnrctl help得到指定的命令的详细帮助信息。如下所示

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   1. $ lsnrctl help show 
   2.  
   3. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:22:28 
   4.  
   5. Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 
   6.  
   7. The following operations are available after show 
   8. An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command: 
   9.  
  10. rawmode                     displaymode 
  11. rules                       trc_file 
  12. trc_directory               trc_level 
  13. log_file                    log_directory 
  14. log_status                  current_listener 
  15. inbound_connect_timeout     startup_waittime 
  16. snmp_visible                save_config_on_stop 
  17. dynamic_registration