SpringBoot使用RestTemplate

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于 2022-05-19 17:13:55 首次发布

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本文详细介绍了Spring的RestTemplate如何进行POST和GET请求，包括postForObject、postForEntity、exchange等方法的使用示例，以及它们之间的差异。重点讲解了如何设置Header和参数，以及GET请求的getForObject和getForEntity方法。

RestTemplate 是由 Spring 提供的一个 HTTP 请求工具，它提供了常见的REST请求方案的模版，例如 GET 请求、POST 请求、PUT 请求、DELETE 请求以及一些通用的请求执行方法 exchange 以及 execute。RestTemplate 继承自 InterceptingHttpAccessor 并且实现了 RestOperations 接口，其中 RestOperations 接口定义了基本的 RESTful 操作，这些操作在 RestTemplate 中都得到了实现。

POST请求

postForObject

1、使用LinkedMultiValueMap作为参数（Form表单提交）

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8800/product/update";

MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>();
paramMap.add("id", "123");
paramMap.add("name", "张三");
String result = template.postForObject(url, paramMap, String.class);
System.out.println("result:" + result);

2、使用Object作为参数（JSON提交）

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8800/product/update";

User user = new User(123, "张三");
String result = template.postForObject(url, user, String.class);
System.out.println("result:" + result);

3、使用JSONObject作为参数（JSON提交）

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8800/product/update";

JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
obj.put("id", "123");
obj.put("name", "张三");
String result = template.postForObject(url, obj, String.class);
System.out.println("result:" + result);

postForEntity

1、使用LinkedMultiValueMap作为参数（Form表单提交）

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8800/product/update";

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.set("token", "asdf");

MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>();
paramMap.add("id", "123");
paramMap.add("name", "张三");

HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(paramMap, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, String.class);
System.out.println("result:" + response.getBody());

2、使用Object作为参数（JSON提交）

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8800/product/update";

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

User user = new User(123, "张三");
HttpEntity<User> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<User>(user, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, String.class);
System.out.println("result:" + response.getBody());

3、使用JSONObject为参数（JSON提交）

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8800/product/update";

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
obj.put("id", "123");
obj.put("name", "张三");
HttpEntity<JSONObject> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<JSONObject>(obj, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, String.class);
System.out.println("result:" + response.getBody());

exchange

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8800/product/productDetail";

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>();
paramMap.add("id", "123");

HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(paramMap, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, httpEntity, String.class);
System.out.println("result:" + response.getBody());

postForObject和postForEntity方法的区别主要在于可以在postForEntity方法中设置header的属性，当需要指定header的属性值的时候，使用postForEntity方法。

exchange方法和postForEntity类似，但是更灵活，exchange还可以调用get、put、delete请求。

GET请求

getForObject

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8800/product/detail?id={id}";

Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
paramMap.put("id", "123");

String result = template.getForObject(url, String.class, paramMap);
System.out.println("result:" + result);

getForEntity

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8800/product/detail?id={id}";

Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
paramMap.put("id", "123");

ResponseEntity<String> response1 = template.getForEntity(url, String.class, paramMap);
System.out.println("result:" + response1.getBody());

exchange

RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8800/product/productDetail";

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.set("token", "asdf");

HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(null, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, httpEntity, String.class,paramMap);
System.out.println("result:" + response.getBody());