linux command solution for problems

1.find the install path of some software
    like python:   

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1. dpkg -L python

    or the start path:

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1. which python
2. /usr/bin/python    

    or want to display some system environment variable

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1. warrior@warrior:~$ echo $PATH
   
2. /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:

2.manage .deb package in ubuntu 
    install a source package :

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1. warrior@warrior:~/Downloads$ sudo dpkg -i xpdf_3.03-16+experimental2_amd64.deb
   
2. [sudo] password for warrior:
   
3. Selecting previously unselected package xpdf.
   
4. (Reading database ... 285114 files and directories currently installed.)
   
5. Preparing to unpack xpdf_3.03-16+experimental2_amd64.deb ...
   
6. Unpacking xpdf (3.03-16+experimental2) ...
   
7. Setting up xpdf (3.03-16+experimental2) ...
   
8. Processing triggers for mime-support (3.54ubuntu1.1) ...
   
9. Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
   
10. Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.10.1-0ubuntu2) ...
    
11. Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu1) ...
    
12. Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.1+14.04.20140409-0ubuntu1) ...
    
13. Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...

If dpkg reports an error due to dependency problems, you can run sudo apt-get install -f to download the missing dependencies and configure everything.
    
    To remove a Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb):

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1. sudo dpkg -r packagename

    To Reconfigure/Repair an installed Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb):

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1. sudo dpkg-reconfigure packagename

for detial U can visit:  http://askubuntu.com/questions/40779/how-do-i-install-a-deb-file-via-the-command-line

3.some package command 
    <1> zip
    我们可以使用下列的命令压缩一个目录：    

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1. zip -r archive_name.zip directory_to_compress

    下面是如果解压一个zip文档：

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1. unzip archive_name.zip

    <2> tar
    打包一个目录：

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1. tar -cvf archive_name.tar directory_to_compress

     解包：  

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1. tar -xvf archive_name.tar.gz

    也可以用这个命令来设置解包的路径：    

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1. tar -xvf archive_name.tar -C /tmp/extract_here/

    <3> tar.gz
    压缩一个目录：

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1. tar -zcvf archive_name.tar.gz directory_to_compress

    解压缩：

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1. tar -zxvf archive_name.tar.gz

    <4> tar.bz2

    使用tar.bz2进行压缩。 

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1. tar -jcvf archive_name.tar.bz2 directory_to_compress

    解包命令：    

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1. tar -jxvf archive_name.tar.bz2