strtok字符串分割函数

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#字符串分割 #strtok

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本文介绍C语言中的strtok函数，该函数用于将字符串分割成多个令牌。通过实例演示如何使用strtok来处理复杂的字符串，包括如何指定分隔符以及如何在多次调用中正确地传递参数。

转自： http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstring/strtok/?kw=strtok

function

  <cstring>

strtok

char * strtok ( char * str, const char * delimiters );

Split string into tokens

A sequence of calls to this function split str into tokens, which are sequences of contiguous characters separated by any of the characters that are part of delimiters.

On a first call, the function expects a C string as argument for str, whose first character is used as the starting location to scan for tokens. In subsequent calls, the function expects a null pointer and uses the position right after the end of last token as the new starting location for scanning.

To determine the beginning and the end of a token, the function first scans from the starting location for the first character not contained in delimiters (which becomes the beginning of the token). And then scans starting from this beginning of the token for the first character contained in delimiters, which becomes the end of the token. The scan also stops if the terminating null character is found.

This end of the token is automatically replaced by a null-character, and the beginning of the token is returned by the function.

Once the terminating null character of str is found in a call to strtok, all subsequent calls to this function (with a null pointer as the first argument) return a null pointer.

The point where the last token was found is kept internally by the function to be used on the next call (particular library implementations are not required to avoid data races).

Parameters

str

C string to truncate.
Notice that this string is modified by being broken into smaller strings (tokens).
Alternativelly, a null pointer may be specified, in which case the function continues scanning where a previous successful call to the function ended.

delimiters

C string containing the delimiter characters.
These may vary from one call to another.

Return Value

A pointer to the last token found in string.
A null pointer is returned if there are no tokens left to retrieve.

Example

/* strtok example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main ()
{
  char str[] ="- This, a sample string.";
  char * pch;
  printf ("Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n",str);
  pch = strtok (str," ,.-");
  while (pch != NULL)
  {
    printf ("%s\n",pch);
    pch = strtok (NULL, " ,.-");
  }
  return 0;
}

Output:


Splitting string "- This, a sample string." into tokens:
This
a
sample
string