一、静态工厂方法模式(简单工厂模式)
为水果类声明了一个接口,表现在代码上:
1
public interface Fruit {
2
// 生长
3
void grow();
4
// 收获
5
void harvest();
6
// 种植
7
void plant();
8
}
9
10
public interface Fruit {2
// 生长 3
void grow();4
// 收获 5
void harvest();6
// 种植 7
void plant();8
} 9

10
package fac;
public class Apple implements Fruit { // 通过implements实现接口Fruit
private int treeAge;
public void grow() {
log( " Apple is growing " );
}
public void harvest() {
log( " Apple has been harvested " );
}
public void plant() {
log( " Apple ha been planted " );
}
public static void log(String msg) {
System.out.println(msg);
}
public int getTreeAge() {
return treeAge;
}
public void setTreeAge( int treeAge) {
this .treeAge = treeAge;
}
}
package fac;
public class Grape implements Fruit{
private boolean seedless;
public void grow(){
log("Grape is growing
.");
}
public void harvest(){
log("Grape has been harvested");
}
public void plant(){
log("Grape ha been planted");
}
public static void log(String msg){
System.out.println(msg);
}
public boolean isSeedless() {
return seedless;
}
public void setSeedless(boolean seedless) {
this.seedless = seedless;
}

}
package fac;
public class Strawberry implements Fruit{
public void grow(){
log("Strawberry is growing
");
}
public void harvest(){
log("Strawberry has been harvested");
}
public void plant(){
log("Strawberry has been planted");
}
public static void log(String msg){
System.out.println(msg);
}
}
package fac;
public class FruitGardener{
public static Fruit factory(String which)throws Exception{
if(which.equalsIgnoreCase("apple")){
return new Apple();
}else if(which.equalsIgnoreCase("strawberry")){
return new Strawberry();
}else if (which.equalsIgnoreCase("grape")){
return new Grape();
}else{
throw new Exception("Bad fruit request");
}
}
}
package fac;
public class People {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FruitGardener fg=new FruitGardener();
Fruit ap=fg.factory("Apple");
ap.grow();
Fruit gp=fg.factory("Grape");
gp.plant();
Fruit dd=fg.factory("ddd");//抛出Bad fruit request异常
} 
}
(注:以上代码在JDK5.0,Myeclise3.2下编译通过)
理解了以下两个例子,再来看第三个例子:
注意对比以下三个实例的不同
实例1:
package org.jzkangta.factorydemo01;
//定义接口
interface Car{
public void run();
public void stop();
}
//具体实现类
class Benz implements Car{
public void run(){
System.out.println("Benz开始启动了。。。。。");
}
public void stop(){
System.out.println("Benz停车了。。。。。");
}
}
//具体实现类
class Ford implements Car{
public void run(){
System.out.println("Ford开始启动了。。。");
}
public void stop(){
System.out.println("Ford停车了。。。。");
}
}
//工厂
class Factory{
public static Car getCarInstance(){
return new Ford();
}
}
public class FactoryDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car c=Factory.getCarInstance();
c.run();
c.stop();
}
}
实例二:
package fac;

//定义接口
interface Car{
public void run();
public void stop();
}
//具体实现类
class Benz implements Car{
public void run(){
System.out.println("Benz开始启动了。。。。。");
}
public void stop(){
System.out.println("Benz停车了。。。。。");
}
}
class Ford implements Car{
public void run(){
System.out.println("Ford开始启动了。。。");
}
public void stop(){
System.out.println("Ford停车了。。。。");
}
}
//工厂
class Factory{
public static Car getCarInstance(String type){
Car c=null;
if("Benz".equals(type)){
c=new Benz();
}
if("Ford".equals(type)){
c=new Ford();
}
return c;
}
}

public class FactoryDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car c=Factory.getCarInstance("Benz");
if(c!=null){
c.run();
c.stop();
}else{
System.out.println("造不了这种汽车。。。");
}

}
}
实例三:
interface Car{
public void run();
public void stop();
}
class Benz implements Car{
public void run(){
System.out.println("Benz开始启动了。。。。。");
}
public void stop(){
System.out.println("Benz停车了。。。。。");
}
}
class Ford implements Car{
public void run(){
System.out.println("Ford开始启动了。。。");
}
public void stop(){
System.out.println("Ford停车了。。。。");
}
}
class Toyota implements Car{
public void run(){
System.out.println("Toyota开始启动了。。。");
}
public void stop(){
System.out.println("Toyota停车了。。。。");
}
}
class Factory{
public static Car getCarInstance(String type){
Car c=null;
try {
c=(Car)Class.forName("org.jzkangta.factorydemo03."+type).newInstance();//利用反射得到汽车类型
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return c;
}
}
public class FactoryDemo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car c=Factory.getCarInstance("Toyota");
if(c!=null){
c.run();
c.stop();
}else{
System.out.println("造不了这种汽车。。。");
}

}
}
对比三个实例:
实 例一,虽然实现了简单工厂,但每次只能得到一种汽车,如果我们想换一种,就得修改工厂,太不方便,而实例二则改变了这种情况,便得我们可以按照我们的需要 更换汽车,但我们所更换的汽车必须是实现类中有的,如果我们想要增加一种汽车的时候,我们还是得更改工厂,通过改进,实例三利用反射机制,得到汽车类型, 这样当我们需要增加一种新的汽车时,就无需要再修改工厂,而只需要增加要实现的类即可。也就是说要增加什么样的汽车直接增加这个汽车的类即可,而无需改变 工厂。从而达到了工厂分离的效果。

本文通过三个逐步深入的例子详细解析了简单工厂模式的概念及其应用。从简单的静态工厂方法模式出发,逐步引入更灵活的工厂实现方式,最终展示了如何利用反射机制实现更加灵活的工厂模式。
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