Kotlin入门-嗯,我有别名,什么名称都变短

本文介绍了Kotlin从1.1版本开始引入的类型别名特性,旨在简化长类型名称,提高代码可读性。通过示例展示了如何为集合类型、函数类型以及内部和嵌套类创建别名,并强调类型别名并不引入新类型,而是编译器层面的转换。文章总结了Kotlin在减少编码工作量和增强编码体验方面的优势。

在这里插入图片描述
自kotlin 1.1起,类型别名(Type alias)为现有类型提供替代名称,
如果类型名称太长,可引入较短别名替代原类型名!


为集合类型(collection type)提供别名:

//缩短较长泛型类型(generic type)是很有吸引力的

typealias NodeSet = Set<Network.Node>
typealias FileTable<K> = MutableMap<K, MutableList<File>>

为函数类型(function type)提供别名(alias):

typealias MyHandler = (Int, String, Any) -> Unit
typealias Predicate<T> = (T) -> Boolean

为内部类(inner)和嵌套类(nested)创建别名:

class A {
    inner class Inner
}
class B {
    inner class Inner
}
typealias AInner = A.Inner
typealias BInner = B.Inner

提示:

类型别名不会引入新类型,换言之,别名是一种编译器的手段,底层不动的情况下,友好了编码实现。
编译器会把别名翻译为原有类型:

看个范例
typealias Predicate<T> = (T) -> Boolean
fun foo(p: Predicate<Int>) = p(42) 
    
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    //类型别名和原有类型,可以相互替代,因为编译器会把别名翻译为原有类型
    val f: (Int) -> Boolean = { it > 0 }
    println(foo(f)) // 输出 "true"

    val p: Predicate<Int> = { it > 0 }
    println(listOf(1, -2).filter(p)) // 输出 "[1]"
}

添加别名声明typealias Predicate后,Kotlin编译器总是把它扩展为(Int) -> Boolean


小结

Kotlin写了那么多章节,总结起来,它是在编译期,简化了 程序员的编码工作量,减少重复代码强度的编码语言。更简洁。而且,支持 IOS、Android、Web,的确,通过编译期的强化,可以提供更好的编码书写支持。

Duplicate class kotlin.collections.jdk8.CollectionsJDK8Kt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk7.JDK7PlatformImplementations found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk7.JDK7PlatformImplementations$ReflectSdkVersion found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk8.JDK8PlatformImplementations found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk8.JDK8PlatformImplementations$ReflectSdkVersion found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.ExperimentalPathApi found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathRelativizer found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt__PathReadWriteKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt__PathUtilsKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.jdk7.AutoCloseableKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.jvm.jdk8.JvmRepeatableKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.random.jdk8.PlatformThreadLocalRandom found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$1 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$2 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$3 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$4 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.text.jdk8.RegexExtensionsJDK8Kt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Duplicate class kotlin.time.jdk8.DurationConversionsJDK8Kt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21) Go to the documentation to learn how to Fix dependency resolution errors.
最新发布
09-25
解决Kotlin依赖冲突(Duplicate class错误,涉及kotlin - stdlib - 1.8.10和kotlin - stdlib - jdk7 - 1.6.21、kotlin - stdlib - jdk8 - 1.6.21)可尝试以下方法: ### 明确冲突来源 通过执行指令 `./gradlew :app:dependencies > dependencies.txt` 查看依赖情况,打开生成的 `dependencies.txt` 文件搜索 "kotlin - stdlib" ,找出所有相关依赖版本,再搜索具体冲突版本(如 "kotlin - stdlib:1.8.10"),以明确是哪个依赖引入了冲突版本。例如在引用[2]中,通过此方法发现是facebook三方登录依赖变更导致冲突。 ### 指定依赖版本 如果发现是某个三方库依赖导致版本冲突,可将该三方库指定为固定版本,避免其自动更新依赖版本引发冲突。如引用[2]中将facebook依赖指定版本为16.2.0: ```groovy implementation 'com.facebook.android:facebook-login:16.2.0' ``` ### 使用依赖约束 在 `build.gradle(:app)` 的 `dependencies` 块中添加约束,强制使用指定版本的依赖。可参考引用[3]添加如下代码: ```groovy constraints { implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.8.10") { because("kotlin-stdlib-jdk7 is now a part of kotlin-stdlib") } implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.8.10") { because("kotlin-stdlib-jdk8 is now a part of kotlin-stdlib") } } ``` ### 使用平台声明 在 `build.gradle(:app)` 的 `dependencies` 块中使用 `platform` 声明指定Kotlin版本,确保所有Kotlin依赖使用统一版本,如引用[4]: ```groovy dependencies { implementation(platform("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-bom:1.8.0")) // 其他依赖 } ```
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