kinit -f

本文介绍如何使用kinit命令获取和缓存Kerberos认证票据,包括使用命令参数、存储位置及安全注意事项。

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kinit - Obtain and cache Kerberos ticket-granting ticket

kinit is used to obtain and cache Kerberos ticket-granting tickets. This tool is similar in functionality to the kinit tool that are commonly found in other Kerberos implementations, such as SEAM and MIT Reference implementations.

The user must be registered as a principal with the Key Distribution Center (KDC) prior to running kinit.

SYNOPSIS

kinit [ commands ] <principal name> [<password>]

DESCRIPTION

By default, on the Windows platform a cache file named <USER_HOME>\krb5cc_<USER_NAME> will be generated. <uid> is the user identification number of the user logged into the system. By default, for all Unix platforms a cache file named/tmp/krb5cc_<uid> is generated.

<USER_HOME> is obtained from the java.lang.System property user.home<USER_NAME> is obtained from java.lang.System property user.name. If <USER_HOME> is null, the cache file would be stored in the current directory that the program is running from. <USER_NAME> is the operating system's login username. This username could be different than the user's principal name. For example on Windows NT, it could be c:\winnt\profiles\duke\krb5cc_duke, in which duke is the <USER_NAME> and c:\winnt\profiles\duke is the <USER_HOME>.

By default, the keytab name is retrieved from the Kerberos configuration file. If the keytab name is not specifed in the Kerberos configuration file, the name is assumed to be <USER_HOME>\krb5.keytab

If you do not specify the password using the password option on the command line, kinit will prompt you for the password.

Notepassword is provided only for testing purposes. Do not place your password in a script or provide your password on the command line. Doing so will compromise your password.

For more information see the man pages for kinit.

COMMANDS

Usage: kinit [-fp] [-c <cache_name>] [-k] [-t <keytab_filename>] [<principal>] [<password>] [-help]

Command OptionDescription
-fIssue a forwardable ticket.
-pIssue a proxiable ticket.
-c <cache_name>The cache name (i.e., FILE:d:\temp\mykrb5cc).
-kUse keytab
-t <keytab_filename>The keytab name (i.e,d:\winnt\profiles\duke\krb5.keytab).
<principal>The principal name (i.e., duke@java.sun.com).
<password>The principal's Kerberos password.
(DO NOT SPECIFY ON COMMAND LINE OR IN A SCRIPT.)
-helpDisplays instructions.

EXAMPLES

Requesting credentials valid for authentication from the current client host, for the default services, storing the credentials cache in the default location (c:\winnt\profiles\duke\krb5cc_duke):

kinit duke@JAVA.SUN.COM

Requesting proxiable credentials for a different principal and storing these credentials in a specified file cache:

kinit -p -c FILE:c:\winnt\profiles\duke\credentials\krb5cc_cafebeef cafebeef@JAVA.SUN.COM

Requesting proxiable and forwardable credentials for a different principal and storing these credentials in a specified file cache:

kinit -f -p -c FILE:c:\winnt\profiles\duke\credentials\krb5cc_cafebeef cafebeef@JAVA.SUN.COM

Displaying the help menu for kinit:

kinit -help

SECURITY ALERT

The password flag is for testing purposes only. Do not specify your password on the command line. Doing so is a security hole since an attacker could discover your password while running the Unix pscommand, for example.

<think>好的,用户之前遇到了Hive执行MapReduce任务时的错误,我给出了通过YARN日志来排查的建议。现在用户反馈说无法使用`yarn logs -applicationId`命令获取日志。我需要分析可能的原因并提供替代解决方案。 首先,用户可能没有正确获取到Application ID。应该提醒他们检查作业提交后是否有正确的ID生成,可能作业根本没提交成功,或者用户没有权限查看日志。 其次,权限问题是一个常见原因。用户可能没有足够的权限访问YARN的日志,特别是在多用户环境或启用了Kerberos认证的集群中。需要建议他们联系管理员或使用sudo权限。 另外,如果集群配置了日志聚合但没有启用,或者聚合延迟,用户可能无法立即获取日志。这时候需要指导他们检查NodeManager的配置,或者直接到各个节点上查找日志文件。 此外,用户可能误用了命令参数,比如拼写错误或格式错误,比如ID是否正确,或者是否遗漏了某些参数。需要给出正确的命令示例,并建议他们使用`yarn application -list`来确认ID是否存在。 还要考虑YARN服务本身的问题,比如ResourceManager或NodeManager没有运行,或者日志存储路径不可访问。这时候可能需要检查服务状态,或者查看Hadoop的配置文件,确认日志存储的位置是否正确。 最后,如果所有方法都无效,可能需要指导用户通过YARN的Web UI来直接下载日志,或者查看Hive的日志文件,比如hive.log,以获取更多线索。同时,提醒用户检查Hive的配置,特别是执行引擎和资源管理相关的参数,确保没有配置错误导致作业无法提交。 总结下来,需要分步骤引导用户检查Application ID是否正确、权限是否足够、日志聚合是否启用、服务是否正常运行,并提供替代的日志获取方法,比如Web UI或直接查看容器日志。同时,保持回答结构清晰,便于用户逐步排查问题。</think>当 `yarn logs` 命令无法使用时,可以通过以下替代方案获取Hive任务错误信息: --- ### 一、确认Application ID有效性 1. **检查作业是否真实提交**: ```bash yarn application -list -appStates ALL | grep "Hive" ``` - 如果无输出,说明任务未提交成功(需检查Hive日志) - 示例输出: ``` application_1625123456789_1234 HIVE user default RUNNING ``` 2. **验证ID格式**: - 正确格式:`application_<timestamp>_<sequenceNumber>`(例如 `application_1625123456789_0001`) - 常见错误:`application_123`(缺少时间戳部分) --- ### 二、替代日志获取方案 #### 方案1:直接访问容器日志 ```bash # 查找目标容器的日志存储路径(需SSH到NodeManager节点) find /hadoop/yarn/logs/ -name "*application_1625123456789_1234*" ``` - 典型日志路径: ``` /hadoop/yarn/logs/application_1625123456789_1234/container_1625123456789_1234_01_000001 ``` #### 方案2:通过YARN Web UI 1. 访问 `http://<resourcemanager-host>:8088` 2. 搜索对应Application ID 3. 点击 "Logs" -> "View Container Logs" #### 方案3:Hive Server日志 检查Hive Server日志(路径因部署方式不同而异): ```bash # 常规日志路径示例 tail -n 500 /var/log/hive/hiveserver2.log ``` 搜索关键词:`FAILED: Execution Error` --- ### 三、常见故障原因及解决 #### 1. 权限不足问题 **现象**:`Permission denied: user=xxx, access=READ_EXECUTE` **解决**: ```bash # 临时方案(需管理员权限) sudo -u hdfs yarn logs -applicationId <app_id> # 永久方案:将用户加入hadoop超级用户组 usermod -a -G hadoop <your_username> ``` #### 2. 日志聚合未启用 **检查配置**: ```xml <!-- yarn-site.xml --> <property> <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name> <value>true</value> </property> ``` **手动聚合**: ```bash yarn logs -applicationId <app_id> -log_files stdout,stderr ``` #### 3. Kerberos认证问题 **症状**:`GSSException: No valid credentials provided` **解决**: ```bash kinit -kt /etc/security/keytabs/hive.service.keytab hive/<hostname>@DOMAIN ``` --- ### 四、快速诊断流程 ```mermaid graph TD A[无法获取YARN日志] --> B{检查ID有效性} B -->|无效| C[检查Hive日志] B -->|有效| D{有集群权限?} D -->|无| E[联系管理员] D -->|有| F{日志聚合开启?} F -->|否| G[直接访问NM节点日志] F -->|是| H[检查聚合延迟(最多5分钟)] ``` --- ### 五、典型错误示例 ```log ERROR [main]: mr.ExecDriver (ExecDriver.java:execute(576)) - FAILED: Execution Error, return code 2 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.mr.MapRedTask Container exited with a non-zero exit code 137 ``` **诊断**: 1. 退出码137 = 128 + 9(SIGKILL) 2. 通常由OOM引起 3. 解决方案:增加内存分配 ```sql SET mapreduce.map.memory.mb=8192; SET mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb=16384; ``` 建议结合 `hive.execution.engine=tez` 使用(需提前部署Tez),可显著降低MR任务失败率。
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