基于webdriver的web UI自动化测试框架（系统架构+测试脚本应用架构）

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-19 15:32:32 发布 · 置顶 · 1.3w 阅读

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文章标签：

#Webdriver #自动化测试 #测试开发 #自动化测试框架 #Java脚本

本文介绍了基于WebDriver的Web UI自动化测试框架的系统架构和测试脚本应用架构，包括自动化测试系统结构、测试脚本组织方式、Jenkins的批处理配置以及测试框架的核心特性。通过PageObject模式和自动化数据注入提高测试效率，并提供了详细的代码目录结构和测试用例编写指导。

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1.首先是自动化测试系统架构如下图:

2.测试脚本的应用架构:

3实际应用后的工程结构:

框架的配置文件（只是简单的用properties文件）

#------------------#
#  测试框架配置
#------------------#


#启动目标浏览器驱动运行测试
#Browser.Type=ec.qa.autotest.ui.framewrok.webdriverfactory.IEBrowserDriver  暂不支持此浏览器
Browser.Type=ec.qa.autotest.ui.framewrok.webdriverfactory.ChromeBrowserDriver
#Browser.Type=ec.qa.autotest.ui.framewrok.webdriverfactory.FireFoxBrowserDriver


#用例失败重试次数
testcase.failedcase.retrycount=1


#开启用例失败自动截图功能
testcase.failedcase.screenShotEnabled=true


#失败截图保存的目录
testcase.failedcase.screenShotPath=test-output/screen-shot


#是否生成自定义HTML报告
testcase.reporter.htmlreport=true


#自定义HTML报告存放路径
testcase.reporter.htmlreport.path=test-output/html-report


#测试数据文件夹地址
testcase.testdata.path=test-data


#测试图片文件夹地址
testcase.testpic.path=\\test-data\\pic\\


#扫描page对象的包将页面对象自动注入到用力中
init.pageobj.Package = ec.qa.autotest.ui.admin.portal.pageobject,ec.qa.autotest.ui.common.action,ec.qa.autotest.ui.supplier.portal.pageobject,ec.qa.autotest.ui.dao.impl


#mybatis配置文件路径
init.mybatis.config.path = mybatis-config/mybatis.xml

#测试用例包
init.pageobj.suplier.testcase.Package = ec.qa.autotest.ui.supplier.portal.testcases
init.pageobj.admin.testcase.Package = ec.qa.autotest.ui.admin.portal.testcases

4.jenkins的job启动自动测试的批处理（因为是基于UI的自动化测试，所以测试代理机是windows系统，使用的是DOS批处理）：

@echo off
set workspace=%1%
if not exist %workspace% mkdir %workspace%
cd /d %workspace%
if exist EC_Automation_Test goto cleanENV
goto AutoTest
:cleanENV
echo "project folder exist"
rd /s /q %workspace%\EC_Automation_Test
goto AutoTest
:AutoTest
git clone git@192.168.0.156:root/EC_Automation_Test.git
cd EC_Automation_Test
mvn clean test > %workspace%\%date:~5,2%-%date:~8,2%-%time:~0,2%-%time:~3,2%.txt

5.jenkins job 脚本配置（上述脚本保存在 RunAutoTest.bat中）:

6.使用jenkins 启动自动测试:

Started by user qa
Building remotely on AutoMation_Test_Agent (AutoTest) in workspace D:\jenkins\workspace\EC_AutoMation_Test
[EC_AutoMation_Test] $ cmd /c call C:\Users\QA\AppData\Local\Temp\hudson2390304531070066944.bat
 The Test Base On Chrome
找不到进程: chromedriver
找不到进程: iedriverserver
"project folder exist"
Cloning into 'EC_Automation_Test'...
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building EC_UI_Auto_Test 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ EC_UI_Auto_Test ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ EC_UI_Auto_Test ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\jenkins\workspace\EC_AutoMation_Test\EC_Automation_Test\src\main\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ EC_UI_Auto_Test ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 55 source files to D:\jenkins\workspace\EC_AutoMation_Test\EC_Automation_Test\target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ EC_UI_Auto_Test ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\jenkins\workspace\EC_AutoMation_Test\EC_Automation_Test\src\test\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ EC_UI_Auto_Test ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.18.1:test (default-test) @ EC_UI_Auto_Test ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\jenkins\workspace\EC_AutoMation_Test\EC_Automation_Test\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running TestSuite
...
... TestNG 6.9.4 by Cédric Beust (cedric@beust.com)
...


======测试用例: AddProductDemo 开始执行======
===测试用例运行的浏览器类型：Chrome ===
测试网站地址: http://xxx.xxx.com/
Starting ChromeDriver 2.20.353145 (343b531d31eeb933ec778dbcf7081628a1396067) on port 26146
Only local connections are allowed.
上传图片中
=====测试用例: AddProductDemo 运行成功=====
killed the useless process
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 104.861 sec - in TestSuite

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 01:50 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2015-12-09T16:42:52+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 21M/222M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recording test results
Sending e-mails to: qa.group@xxxxx.com
Finished: SUCCESS

7.POM.XML配置:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>EC_Auto_Test</groupId>
	<artifactId>EC_UI_Auto_Test</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>EC_UI_Auto_Test</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>

	<build>
		<pluginManagement>
			<plugins>
				<plugin>
					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
					<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
					<version>2.18.1</version>
					<configuration>
						<suiteXmlFiles>
							<suiteXmlFile>src\main\java\testng-config\test.xml</suiteXmlFile>
						</suiteXmlFiles>
					</configuration>
				</plugin>
			</plugins>
		</pluginManagement>
	</build>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
			<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
			<version>6.9.4</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
			<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
			<version>2.47.1</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
			<artifactId>selenium-server</artifactId>
			<version>2.47.1</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

用例代码编写文档及实例:

作者：王鑫

日期：Sep.16.2015

最后更新日期：None

****************************************************************************************************************************

代码目录结构：

目前测试代码只有一个工程，在该工程中，类文件(.java)的分组及其存在意义如下：

1.Src/main/java - ec.qa.autotest.ui.constants 用来保存全局变量/常量/其他信息

2.Src/main/java - ec.qa.autotest.ui.pageobject用来保存页面的元素信息或其他从属信息，每个类对应一个页面，每个页面对应一个类；

3.Src/main/java - ec.qa.autotest.ui.testbase 用来保存基本测试逻辑，比如每个测试用例的初始化环境步骤；