can’t help doing还是can’t help to do

本文详细解释了英语语法中can't help doing与can't help to do的区别,通过具体例子说明每个结构的含义及用法,帮助读者避免常见错误并正确使用这些短语。
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can’t help doing还是can’t help to do

 

请看这样一道题:

She can’t help _________ the house because she’s busy making a cake.

A. to clean                        B. cleaning                        C. cleaned                        D. being cleaned

【分析】此题容易误选B,简单地套用 can’t help doing sth 这一结构。其实此题应选A,注意以下两个结构均可用,只是含义不同:can’t help doing sth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事;can’t help to do sth=不能帮助做某事。前者为引申用法,一般辞书均作为固定搭配列出来,许多老师对此也比较强调,从而也就引起了同学们的足够重视,并因此形成了思维定势;而后者为 help 表示帮助时的本义用法,因同学们平时对此没引起注意,一看到上面的试题就马上联想到 can’t help doing sth 这一结构,从而误选了B。请看下面一例:

While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _________ into buying something they don’t really need.

A. to persuade                 B. persuading                  C. being persuaded               D. be persuaded

此题应选 C(注意根据句意要用被动形式)。

reference:http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/200811/750.html

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There is no need for the legitimate users to change their TCP/IP software; SYN cookies work transparently to them. For technical information about SYN cookies, check out <http://cr.yp.to/syncookies.html>. If you are SYN flooded, the source address reported by the kernel is likely to have been forged by the attacker; it is only reported as an aid in tracing the packets to their actual source and should not be taken as absolute truth. SYN cookies may prevent correct error reporting on clients when the server is really overloaded. If this happens frequently better turn them off. If you say Y here, you can disable SYN cookies at run time by saying Y to "/proc file system support" and "Sysctl support" below and executing the command echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies after the /proc file system has been mounted. 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It uses a modeswitch to change the alpha and beta parameters of TCP Reno based on network conditions and in a way so as to be fair with other Reno and H-TCP flows. config TCP_CONG_HSTCP tristate "High Speed TCP" default n ---help--- Sally Floyd's High Speed TCP (RFC 3649) congestion control. A modification to TCP's congestion control mechanism for use with large congestion windows. A table indicates how much to increase the congestion window by when an ACK is received. For more detail see http://www.icir.org/floyd/hstcp.html config TCP_CONG_HYBLA tristate "TCP-Hybla congestion control algorithm" default n ---help--- TCP-Hybla is a sender-side only change that eliminates penalization of long-RTT, large-bandwidth connections, like when satellite legs are involved, especially when sharing a common bottleneck with normal terrestrial connections. config TCP_CONG_VEGAS tristate "TCP Vegas" default n ---help--- TCP Vegas is a sender-side only change to TCP that anticipates the onset of congestion by estimating the bandwidth. TCP Vegas adjusts the sending rate by modifying the congestion window. TCP Vegas should provide less packet loss, but it is not as aggressive as TCP Reno. config TCP_CONG_NV tristate "TCP NV" default n ---help--- TCP NV is a follow up to TCP Vegas. It has been modified to deal with 10G networks, measurement noise introduced by LRO, GRO and interrupt coalescence. In addition, it will decrease its cwnd multiplicatively instead of linearly. Note that in general congestion avoidance (cwnd decreased when # packets queued grows) cannot coexist with congestion control (cwnd decreased only when there is packet loss) due to fairness issues. One scenario when they can coexist safely is when the CA flows have RTTs << CC flows RTTs. For further details see http://www.brakmo.org/networking/tcp-nv/ config TCP_CONG_SCALABLE tristate "Scalable TCP" default n ---help--- Scalable TCP is a sender-side only change to TCP which uses a MIMD congestion control algorithm which has some nice scaling properties, though is known to have fairness issues. See http://www.deneholme.net/tom/scalable/ config TCP_CONG_LP tristate "TCP Low Priority" default n ---help--- TCP Low Priority (TCP-LP), a distributed algorithm whose goal is to utilize only the excess network bandwidth as compared to the ``fair share`` of bandwidth as targeted by TCP. See http://www-ece.rice.edu/networks/TCP-LP/ config TCP_CONG_VENO tristate "TCP Veno" default n ---help--- TCP Veno is a sender-side only enhancement of TCP to obtain better throughput over wireless networks. TCP Veno makes use of state distinguishing to circumvent the difficult judgment of the packet loss type. TCP Veno cuts down less congestion window in response to random loss packets. See <http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1177186> config TCP_CONG_YEAH tristate "YeAH TCP" select TCP_CONG_VEGAS default n ---help--- YeAH-TCP is a sender-side high-speed enabled TCP congestion control algorithm, which uses a mixed loss/delay approach to compute the congestion window. It's design goals target high efficiency, internal, RTT and Reno fairness, resilience to link loss while keeping network elements load as low as possible. For further details look here: http://wil.cs.caltech.edu/pfldnet2007/paper/YeAH_TCP.pdf config TCP_CONG_ILLINOIS tristate "TCP Illinois" default n ---help--- TCP-Illinois is a sender-side modification of TCP Reno for high speed long delay links. It uses round-trip-time to adjust the alpha and beta parameters to achieve a higher average throughput and maintain fairness. For further details see: http://www.ews.uiuc.edu/~shaoliu/tcpillinois/index.html config TCP_CONG_DCTCP tristate "DataCenter TCP (DCTCP)" default n ---help--- DCTCP leverages Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) in the network to provide multi-bit feedback to the end hosts. It is designed to provide: - High burst tolerance (incast due to partition/aggregate), - Low latency (short flows, queries), - High throughput (continuous data updates, large file transfers) with commodity, shallow-buffered switches. All switches in the data center network running DCTCP must support ECN marking and be configured for marking when reaching defined switch buffer thresholds. The default ECN marking threshold heuristic for DCTCP on switches is 20 packets (30KB) at 1Gbps, and 65 packets (~100KB) at 10Gbps, but might need further careful tweaking. For further details see: http://simula.stanford.edu/~alizade/Site/DCTCP_files/dctcp-final.pdf config TCP_CONG_CDG tristate "CAIA Delay-Gradient (CDG)" default n ---help--- CAIA Delay-Gradient (CDG) is a TCP congestion control that modifies the TCP sender in order to: o Use the delay gradient as a congestion signal. o Back off with an average probability that is independent of the RTT. o Coexist with flows that use loss-based congestion control. o Tolerate packet loss unrelated to congestion. For further details see: D.A. Hayes and G. Armitage. "Revisiting TCP congestion control using delay gradients." In Networking 2011. Preprint: http://goo.gl/No3vdg config TCP_CONG_BBR tristate "BBR TCP" default n ---help--- BBR (Bottleneck Bandwidth and RTT) TCP congestion control aims to maximize network utilization and minimize queues. It builds an explicit model of the the bottleneck delivery rate and path round-trip propagation delay. It tolerates packet loss and delay unrelated to congestion. It can operate over LAN, WAN, cellular, wifi, or cable modem links. It can coexist with flows that use loss-based congestion control, and can operate with shallow buffers, deep buffers, bufferbloat, policers, or AQM schemes that do not provide a delay signal. It requires the fq ("Fair Queue") pacing packet scheduler. #if defined(CONFIG_BCM_KF_MPTCP) && defined(CONFIG_BCM_MPTCP) config TCP_CONG_LIA tristate "MPTCP Linked Increase" depends on MPTCP default n ---help--- MultiPath TCP Linked Increase Congestion Control To enable it, just put 'lia' in tcp_congestion_control config TCP_CONG_OLIA tristate "MPTCP Opportunistic Linked Increase" depends on MPTCP default n ---help--- MultiPath TCP Opportunistic Linked Increase Congestion Control To enable it, just put 'olia' in tcp_congestion_control config TCP_CONG_WVEGAS tristate "MPTCP WVEGAS CONGESTION CONTROL" depends on MPTCP default n ---help--- wVegas congestion control for MPTCP To enable it, just put 'wvegas' in tcp_congestion_control config TCP_CONG_BALIA tristate "MPTCP BALIA CONGESTION CONTROL" depends on MPTCP default n ---help--- Multipath TCP Balanced Linked Adaptation Congestion Control To enable it, just put 'balia' in tcp_congestion_control config TCP_CONG_MCTCPDESYNC tristate "DESYNCHRONIZED MCTCP CONGESTION CONTROL (EXPERIMENTAL)" depends on MPTCP default n ---help--- Desynchronized MultiChannel TCP Congestion Control. This is experimental code that only supports single path and must have set mptcp_ndiffports larger than one. To enable it, just put 'mctcpdesync' in tcp_congestion_control For further details see: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6911722/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2015.07.010 #endif choice prompt "Default TCP congestion control" default DEFAULT_CUBIC help Select the TCP congestion control that will be used by default for all connections. config DEFAULT_BIC bool "Bic" if TCP_CONG_BIC=y config DEFAULT_CUBIC bool "Cubic" if TCP_CONG_CUBIC=y config DEFAULT_HTCP bool "Htcp" if TCP_CONG_HTCP=y config DEFAULT_HYBLA bool "Hybla" if TCP_CONG_HYBLA=y config DEFAULT_VEGAS bool "Vegas" if TCP_CONG_VEGAS=y config DEFAULT_VENO bool "Veno" if TCP_CONG_VENO=y config DEFAULT_WESTWOOD bool "Westwood" if TCP_CONG_WESTWOOD=y config DEFAULT_DCTCP bool "DCTCP" if TCP_CONG_DCTCP=y config DEFAULT_CDG bool "CDG" if TCP_CONG_CDG=y config DEFAULT_BBR bool "BBR" if TCP_CONG_BBR=y #if defined(CONFIG_BCM_KF_MPTCP) && defined(CONFIG_BCM_MPTCP) config DEFAULT_LIA bool "Lia" if TCP_CONG_LIA=y config DEFAULT_OLIA bool "Olia" if TCP_CONG_OLIA=y config DEFAULT_WVEGAS bool "Wvegas" if TCP_CONG_WVEGAS=y config DEFAULT_BALIA bool "Balia" if TCP_CONG_BALIA=y config DEFAULT_MCTCPDESYNC bool "Mctcpdesync (EXPERIMENTAL)" if TCP_CONG_MCTCPDESYNC=y #endif config DEFAULT_RENO bool "Reno" endchoice endif config TCP_CONG_CUBIC tristate depends on !TCP_CONG_ADVANCED default y config DEFAULT_TCP_CONG string default "bic" if DEFAULT_BIC default "cubic" if DEFAULT_CUBIC default "htcp" if DEFAULT_HTCP default "hybla" if DEFAULT_HYBLA default "vegas" if DEFAULT_VEGAS default "westwood" if DEFAULT_WESTWOOD default "veno" if DEFAULT_VENO #if defined(CONFIG_BCM_KF_MPTCP) && defined(CONFIG_BCM_MPTCP) default "lia" if DEFAULT_LIA default "olia" if DEFAULT_OLIA default "wvegas" if DEFAULT_WVEGAS default "balia" if DEFAULT_BALIA #endif default "reno" if DEFAULT_RENO default "dctcp" if DEFAULT_DCTCP default "cdg" if DEFAULT_CDG default "bbr" if DEFAULT_BBR default "cubic" config TCP_MD5SIG bool "TCP: MD5 Signature Option support (RFC2385)" select CRYPTO select CRYPTO_MD5 ---help--- RFC2385 specifies a method of giving MD5 protection to TCP sessions. Its main (only?) use is to protect BGP sessions between core routers on the Internet. If unsure, say N.
10-29
<think>Hmm, the user wants to know which Kconfig options need to be enabled to configure tcp_delack_min. Let me analyze this carefully. First, I recall that tcp_delack_min is a TCP parameter related to delayed acknowledgment timing. It's part of the TCP stack configuration, not directly tied to specific networking features like routing or tunneling. Looking at the provided Kconfig snippet, I notice it covers various IP and TCP options but doesn't explicitly mention tcp_delack_min. This parameter is typically controlled through sysctl (/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_delack_min) rather than kernel build options. The Kconfig options here are mainly for: - Advanced routing features (IP_ADVANCED_ROUTER and dependencies) - Multicasting (IP_MULTICAST and IP_MROUTE) - Tunneling protocols (NET_IPIP etc.) - TCP congestion control algorithms (TCP_CONG_ADVANCED section) - Security and transformation modules (INET_AH, INET_ESP etc.) None of these seem directly related to TCP delayed ACK configuration. The TCP_CONG_ADVANCED section deals with congestion control algorithms, but tcp_delack_min is a separate TCP stack parameter. I should note that tcp_delack_min is always available in the TCP stack and doesn't require specific build options. The user can configure it at runtime via sysctl once the basic TCP/IP networking is enabled (which it always is in any reasonable kernel configuration). So my answer should clarify that no special Kconfig options are needed - this is a runtime configuration parameter. Then I need to generate 3-5 related questions following the strict format requirements. </think>在提供的 Kconfig 片段中,**没有直接配置 `tcp_delack_min` 的选项**。`tcp_delack_min` 是 TCP 协议栈中控制延迟确认(Delayed ACK)最小时间的参数,通常通过 **sysctl 接口**(如 `/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_delack_min`)在运行时动态配置,无需在编译时通过 Kconfig 开启特定选项。 ### 关键说明: 1. **Kconfig 的作用**: 提供的配置项主要涉及网络功能(如路由、隧道、TCP 拥塞控制算法等),但 `tcp_delack_min` 属于 TCP 基础协议栈的通用参数,**默认已包含在 TCP/IP 核心实现中**。 2. **如何配置**: 在运行时通过 sysctl 修改: ```bash echo 20 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_delack_min # 设置最小延迟确认时间为 20ms ``` 或永久生效需在 `/etc/sysctl.conf` 添加: ```conf net.ipv4.tcp_delack_min = 20 ``` --- ### 关于 Kconfig 选项的额外分析: - **相关功能依赖**: 若需启用高级 TCP 特性(如拥塞控制算法),需开启 `TCP_CONG_ADVANCED`,但这不影响 `tcp_delack_min` 的存在性。 - **必须开启的基础选项**: 核心 TCP/IP 支持(如 `CONFIG_INET=y`)是隐含前提,通常在默认配置中已启用。
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