15分钟熟悉HBase Shell命令

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转载最新推荐文章于 2026-08-08 09:04:33 发布 154 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

HBase Shell 2.5.6 脚本化实战：3种自动化运维场景与命令文件执行本文详细介绍了HBase Shell 2.5.6在自动化运维中的实战应用，涵盖批量建表、数据导入和集群状态巡检三大场景。通过脚本化操作和优化技巧，显著提升运维效率，降低错误率，适用于大规模HBase集群管理。阅读详情

2016年05月12日 21:05:48 汤高阅读数：23271更多

个人分类：大数据与云计算

所属专栏：大数据生态系统技术

下面我们看看HBase Shell的一些基本操作命令，我列出了几个常用的HBase Shell命令，如下：

名称	命令表达式
创建表	create '表名称', '列名称1','列名称2','列名称N'
添加记录	put '表名称', '行名称', '列名称:', '值'
查看记录	get '表名称', '行名称'
查看表中的记录总数	count '表名称'
删除记录	delete '表名' ,'行名称' , '列名称'
删除一张表	先要屏蔽该表，才能对该表进行删除，第一步 disable '表名称' 第二步 drop '表名称'
查看所有记录	scan "表名称"
查看某个表某个列中所有数据	scan "表名称" , ['列名称:']
更新记录	就是重写一遍进行覆盖

一、一般操作

1.查询服务器状态

hbase(main):011:0> status
1 active master, 0 backup masters, 1 servers, 0 dead, 4.0000 average load

2.查询版本

hbase(main):012:0> version
1.2.1, r8d8a7107dc4ccbf36a92f64675dc60392f85c015, Wed Mar 30 11:19:21 CDT 2016

二、DDL操作

1.创建一个表

hbase(main):013:0> create 'table','column_famaly','column_famaly1','column_famaly2'
0 row(s) in 94.9160 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - table

2.列出所有表

hbase(main):014:0> list
TABLE
stu
table
test
3 row(s) in 0.0570 seconds

=> ["stu", "table", "test"]

3.获得表的描述

hbase(main):015:0> describe 'table'
Table table is ENABLED
table
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'column_famaly', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', R
EPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS =>
'0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_
MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
{NAME => 'column_famaly1', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW',
REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS =
> '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN
_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
{NAME => 'column_famaly2', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW',
REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS =
> '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN
_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
3 row(s) in 0.0430 seconds

4.删除一个列族 alter,disable，enable

hbase(main):016:0> alter 'table',{NAME=>'column_famaly',METHOD=>'delete'}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 3.0220 seconds

hbase(main):018:0> describe 'table'
Table table is ENABLED
table
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'column_famaly1', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW',
REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS =
> '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN
_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
{NAME => 'column_famaly2', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW',
REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS =
> '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN
_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
2 row(s) in 0.0520 seconds

5.drop一个表

hbase(main):019:0> drop 'stu'

ERROR: Table stu is enabled. Disable it first.

Here is some help for this command:
Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
hbase> drop 't1'
hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'

报错了，因为要把表格设置为disable

6.把表设置为disable

hbase(main):020:0> disable 'stu'
0 row(s) in 2.3150 seconds

再删除一个表
hbase(main):021:0> drop 'stu'
0 row(s) in 1.2820 seconds

列出所有表
hbase(main):022:0> list
TABLE
table
test
2 row(s) in 0.0240 seconds

=> ["table", "test"]

7.查询表是否存在

hbase(main):023:0> exists 'stu'
Table stu does not exist
0 row(s) in 0.0380 seconds

hbase(main):024:0> exists 'table'
Table table does exist
0 row(s) in 0.0280 seconds

8.判断表是否enable

hbase(main):025:0> is_enabled 'table'
true
0 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds

9.判断表是否disable

hbase(main):026:0> is_disabled 'table'
false
0 row(s) in 0.0140 seconds

把表设为disable
hbase(main):027:0> disable 'table'
0 row(s) in 33.2980 seconds

hbase(main):028:0> is_disabled 'table'
true
0 row(s) in 0.0140 seconds

三、DML操作

1.插入几条记录

hbase(main):029:0> put 'table','id','column_famaly1:name','tanggao'

ERROR: Failed 1 action: NotServingRegionException: 1 time,

Here is some help for this command:
Put a cell 'value' at specified table/row/column and optionally
timestamp coordinates. To put a cell value into table 'ns1:t1' or 't1'
at row 'r1' under column 'c1' marked with the time 'ts1', do:

hbase> put 'ns1:t1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value'
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value'
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {VISIBILITY=>'PRIVATE|SECRET'}

The same commands also can be run on a table reference. Suppose you had a reference
t to table 't1', the corresponding command would be:

hbase> t.put 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}

报错了,因为要把表设为enable
hbase(main):030:0> enable 'table'
0 row(s) in 1.3620 seconds

插入几条记录
hbase(main):031:0> put 'table','id','column_famaly1:name','tanggao'
0 row(s) in 0.0460 seconds

hbase(main):032:0> put 'table','id','column_famaly1:age','20'
0 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds

hbase(main):033:0> put 'table','id','column_famaly1:sex','boy'
0 row(s) in 0.0190 seconds

2.获取一条数据

获取一个id的所有数据

hbase(main):034:0> get 'table','id'
COLUMN CELL
column_famaly1:age timestamp=1463055735107, value=20
column_famaly1:name timestamp=1463055709542, value=tanggao
column_famaly1:sex timestamp=1463055753395, value=boy
3 row(s) in 0.3200 seconds

获取一个id，一个列族的所有数据

hbase(main):035:0> get 'table','id','column_famaly1'
COLUMN CELL
column_famaly1:age timestamp=1463055735107, value=20
column_famaly1:name timestamp=1463055709542, value=tanggao
column_famaly1:sex timestamp=1463055753395, value=boy
3 row(s) in 0.0270 seconds

获取一个id，一个列族中一个列的所有数据

hbase(main):036:0> get 'table','id','column_famaly1:name'
COLUMN CELL
column_famaly1:name timestamp=1463055709542, value=tanggao
1 row(s) in 0.0140 seconds

3.更新一条记录

把id的age修改为22
hbase(main):037:0> put 'table','id','column_famaly1:age','22'
0 row(s) in 0.0160 seconds

hbase(main):038:0> get 'table','id','column_famaly1:age'
COLUMN CELL
column_famaly1:age timestamp=1463055893492, value=22
1 row(s) in 0.0190 seconds

4.通过timestamp来获取两个版本的数据

hbase(main):039:0> get 'table','id',{COLUMN=>'column_famaly1:age',TIMESTAMP=>1463055735107}
COLUMN CELL
column_famaly1:age timestamp=1463055735107, value=20
1 row(s) in 0.0340 seconds

hbase(main):040:0> get 'table','id',{COLUMN=>'column_famaly1:age',TIMESTAMP=>1463055893492}
COLUMN CELL
column_famaly1:age timestamp=1463055893492, value=22
1 row(s) in 0.0140 seconds

5.全表扫描

hbase(main):041:0> scan 'table'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
id column=column_famaly1:age, timestamp=1463055893492, value=
22
id column=column_famaly1:name, timestamp=1463055709542, value
=tanggao
id column=column_famaly1:sex, timestamp=1463055753395, value=
boy
1 row(s) in 0.1520 seconds

6.删除行健为id的值的‘column_famaly1:age’字段

hbase(main):042:0> delete 'table','id','column_famaly1:age'
0 row(s) in 0.0200 seconds

hbase(main):043:0> get 'table','id'
COLUMN CELL
column_famaly1:name timestamp=1463055709542, value=tanggao
column_famaly1:sex timestamp=1463055753395, value=boy
2 row(s) in 0.2430 seconds

7.删除整行

hbase(main):044:0> deleteall 'table','id'
0 row(s) in 0.0550 seconds

8.查询表中有多少行

hbase(main):045:0> count 'table'
0 row(s) in 0.0450 seconds

=> 0

再插入几条记录

hbase(main):046:0> put 'table','id','column_famaly1:age','20'
0 row(s) in 0.0160 seconds

hbase(main):047:0> put 'table','id','column_famaly1:name','tanggao'
0 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds

hbase(main):048:0> put 'table','id','column_famaly2:name','tanggao2'
0 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds

hbase(main):001:0> put 'table','id','column_famaly2:age','22'
0 row(s) in 0.4690 seconds

9.给‘id’这个行健增加'column_famaly1:addr'字段，并使用counter实现递增

hbase(main):002:0> incr 'table','id','column_famaly1:addr'
COUNTER VALUE = 1
0 row(s) in 0.0340 seconds

hbase(main):003:0> incr 'table','id','column_famaly1:addr'
COUNTER VALUE = 2
0 row(s) in 9.6250 seconds

hbase(main):004:0> get 'table','id','column_famaly1:addr'
COLUMN CELL
column_famaly1:addr timestamp=1463056705124, value=\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x0
0\x02
1 row(s) in 0.3930 seconds

hbase(main):005:0> incr 'table','id','column_famaly1:addr'
COUNTER VALUE = 3
0 row(s) in 7.3880 seconds

10.获取当前count的值

hbase(main):006:0> get_counter 'table','id','column_famaly1:addr'
COUNTER VALUE = 3

11.将整张表清空

hbase(main):007:0> truncate 'table'
Truncating 'table' table (it may take a while):
- Disabling table...
- Truncating table...
0 row(s) in 4.1510 seconds

hbase(main):008:0>