Spring 中Bean的自动装配六种模式其三及常见异常
Spring IoC容器可以自动装配(autowire)相互协作bean之间的关联关系。因此,如果可能的话,可以自动让Spring通过检查BeanFactory中的内容,来替我们指定bean的协作者(其他被依赖的bean)。autowire一共有六种类型。由于autowire可以针对单个bean进行设置,因此可以让有些bean使用autowire,有些bean不采用。autowire的方便之处在减少或者消除属性或构造器参数的设置,这样可以给我们的配置文件减减肥![2] 在xml配置文件中,可以在<bean/>元素中使用autowire属性指定:
模式 |
说明 |
Bytype |
如果容器中存在一个与指定属性类型相同的bean,那么将与该属性自动装配。如果存在多个该类型的bean,那么将会抛出异常,并指出不能使用byType方式进行自动装配。若没有找到相匹配的bean,则什么事都不发生,属性也不会被设置。如果你不希望这样,那么可以通过设置dependency-check="objects"让Spring抛出异常。
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下来我们就用案例来证明一下:准备3个类:
public class AddressServiceImpl {
/**住址*/
private String address;
public void setAddress(String address){
this.address=address;
}
}
public class HomeAddressServiceImpl extends AddressServiceImpl {
private String address;
public void setAddress(String address){
this.address=address;
}
public HomeAddressServiceImpl() {
super();
}
public HomeAddressServiceImpl(String address){
this.address=address;
}
}
public class EmpServiceImpl {
/**公司地址*/
private AddressServiceImpl companyAddress;
public void setCompanyAddress(AddressServiceImpl companyAddress){
this.companyAddress=companyAddress;
}
}
byType值bytype.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd"> <bean id="homeAddressServiceImpl" class="cn.csdn.service.HomeAddressServiceImpl" scope="singleton"> <property name="address"> <value>北京海淀上地软件园</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="empServiceImpl" class="cn.csdn.service.EmpServiceImpl" scope="singleton" autowire="byType" /> </beans>
注意异常:
<beanid="addressServiceImpl"class="cn.csdn.service.AddressServiceImpl" scope="singleton"/>
//homeAddressServiceImpl是继承addressServiceImpl,所以他们是同一类型!
<!-- 当有多个相同类型的bean时,会出现bug如下:
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'empServiceImpl' defined in file [D:\Workspaces\MyEclipse 8.6\20110419_01\bin\applicationContext.xml]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through bean property 'companyAddress': : No unique bean of type [cn.csdn.service.AddressServiceImpl] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [homeAddressServiceImpl, addressServiceImpl]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [cn.csdn.service.AddressServiceImpl] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [homeAddressServiceImpl, addressServiceImpl]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireByType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1091)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:982)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:472)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)..........................
-->
测试类:(junit测试)
public class App {
@Test
public void test(){
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:byName.xml"); EmpServiceImpl emp = (EmpServiceImpl) ac.getBean("empServiceImpl");
}
}
注意:
byType
在使用的过程中必须保证bean能够初始化,否则的话会出现bug
如果有默认的无参数的构造器就不需要多余的配置
如果有带有参数的构造器,那在bean的配置中必须配置器初始化的参数 或者在bean中添加无参数的构造器