转载地址：http://www.importnew.com/16176.html
一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
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<!--configure
the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!--
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
--> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> |
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
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<?xml
version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?><beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
<!--
scan the package
and the sub package
--> <context:component-scan
base-package="test.SpringMVC"/> <!--
don't handle the static
resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler
/> <!--
if
you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven
/> <!--
configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> <bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!--
前缀 --> <property
name="prefix"
value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"
/> <!--
后缀 --> <property
name="suffix"
value=".jsp"
/> </bean></beans> |
4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller，如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/mvc")public
class
mvcController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public
String hello(){ return
"hello"; }} |
7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
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//match
automatically @RequestMapping("/person") public
String toPerson(String name,double
age){ System.out.println(name+"
"+age); return
"hello"; } |
五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
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package
test.SpringMVC.model;public
class
Person { public
String getName() { return
name; } public
void
setName(String name) { this.name
= name; } public
int
getAge() { return
age; } public
void
setAge(int
age) { this.age
= age; } private
String name; private
int
age; } |
2.在Controller里编写方法
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//boxing
automatically @RequestMapping("/person1") public
String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+"
"+p.getAge()); return
"hello"; } |
六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
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//the
parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") public
String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return
"hello"; } //At
the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public
void
initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,
new
CustomDateEditor(new
SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); } |
七、向前台传递参数
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//pass
the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") public
String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person
p =new
Person(); map.put("p",
p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return
"show"; } |
前台可在Request域中取到”p”
八、使用Ajax调用
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//pass
the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping("/getPerson") public
void
getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name);
} @RequestMapping("/name") public
String sayHello(){ return
"name"; } |
前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
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$(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); }); }); |
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
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//redirect
@RequestMapping("/redirect") public
String redirect(){ return
"redirect:hello"; } |
十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
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<!--
upload settings --> <bean
id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property
name="maxUploadSize"
value="102400000"></property> </bean> |
3.方法代码
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@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) public
String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws
Exception{ MultipartHttpServletRequest
mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile
file = mreq.getFile("file"); String
fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat
sdf = new
SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
FileOutputStream
fos = new
FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(new
Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return
"hello"; } |
4.前台form表单
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<form
action="mvc/upload"
method="post"
enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input
type="file"
name="file"> <input
type="submit"
value="submit"> </form> |
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/test")public
class
mvcController1 { @RequestMapping(value="/param") public
String
testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id")
Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String
name){ System.out.println(id+"
"+name); return
"/hello"; }
} |
十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/rest")public
class
RestController { @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) public
String get(@PathVariable("id")
Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return
"/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) public
String post(@PathVariable("id")
Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return
"/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) public
String put(@PathVariable("id")
Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return
"/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public
String delete(@PathVariable("id")
Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return
"/hello"; } } |
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
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<!--
configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> |
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
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<form
action="rest/user/1"
method="post"> <input
type="hidden"
name="_method"
value="PUT"> <input
type="submit"
value="put"> </form> <form
action="rest/user/1"
method="post"> <input
type="submit"
value="post"> </form> <form
action="rest/user/1"
method="get"> <input
type="submit"
value="get"> </form> <form
action="rest/user/1"
method="post"> <input
type="hidden"
name="_method"
value="DELETE"> <input
type="submit"
value="delete"> </form> |
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public
class
jsonController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/user") public
User get(){ User
u = new
User(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(new
Date()); return
u; }} |
十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常（Controller内）
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@ExceptionHandler public
ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView
mv = new
ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception",
ex); System.out.println("in
testExceptionHandler"); return
mv; } @RequestMapping("/error") public
String error(){ int
i = 5/0; return
"hello"; } |
2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）
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@ControllerAdvicepublic
class
testControllerAdvice { @ExceptionHandler public
ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView
mv = new
ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception",
ex); System.out.println("in
testControllerAdvice"); return
mv; }} |
3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!--
configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --> <bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <property
name="exceptionMappings"> <props> <prop
key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property> </bean> |
error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
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public
class
MyInterceptor implements
HandlerInterceptor { @Override public
void
afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse
arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws
Exception { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); } @Override public
void
postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object
arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws
Exception { System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override public
boolean
preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object
arg2) throws
Exception { System.out.println("preHandle"); return
true; }} |
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
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<!--
interceptor setting --> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping
path="/mvc/**"/> <bean
class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors> |
3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
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public
class
User { public
int
getId() { return
id; } public
void
setId(int
id) { this.id
= id; } public
String getName() { return
name; } public
void
setName(String name) { this.name
= name; } public
Date getBirth() { return
birth; } public
void
setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth
= birth; } @Override public
String toString() { return
"User [id="
+ id + ",
name="
+ name + ",
birth="
+ birth + "]"; }
private
int
id; @NotEmpty private
String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private
Date birth;} |
ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
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<form:form
action="form/add"
method="post"
modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:input
path="id"/><form:errors
path="id"/> name:<form:input
path="name"/><form:errors
path="name"/> birth:<form:input
path="birth"/><form:errors
path="birth"/> <input
type="submit"
value="submit"> </form:form> |
ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public
class
formController { @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
String add(@Valid
User u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){
return
"addUser"; } return
"showUser"; } @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) public
String add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("user",new
User()); return
"addUser"; }} |
ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个”user”.
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
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NotEmpty.user.name=name
can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth
should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the
format of input is
wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the
format of input is
wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the
format of input is
wrong |
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!--
configure the locale resource --> <bean
id="messageSource"
class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property
name="basename"
value="locale"></property> </bean> |
6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
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username=账号password=密码 |
locale.properties中添加
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username=user
namepassword=password |
创建一个locale.jsp
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<body> <fmt:message
key="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:message
key="password"></fmt:message> </body> |
在SpringMVC中配置
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<!--
make the jsp page can be visited --> <mvc:view-controller
path="/locale"
view-name="locale"/> |
让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏–整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类
2.User实体类
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public
class
User { public
int
getId() { return
id; } public
void
setId(int
id) { this.id
= id; } public
String getName() { return
name; } public
void
setName(String name) { this.name
= name; } public
Date getBirth() { return
birth; } public
void
setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth
= birth; } @Override public
String toString() { return
"User [id="
+ id + ",
name="
+ name + ",
birth="
+ birth + "]"; }
private
int
id; @NotEmpty private
String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private
Date birth;} |
3.UserService类
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@Componentpublic
class
UserService { public
UserService(){ System.out.println("UserService
Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"); } public
void
save(){ System.out.println("save"); }} |
4.UserController
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/integrate")public
class
UserController { @Autowired private
UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/user") public
String saveUser(@RequestBody
@ModelAttribute
User u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return
"hello"; }} |
5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
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<?xml
version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?><beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/utilhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd " xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" > <context:component-scan
base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:exclude-filter
type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:exclude-filter
type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
</context:component-scan> </beans> |
在Web.xml中添加配置
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<!--
configure the springIOC --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> |
6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
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<!--
scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan
base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:include-filter
type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filter
type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> |
十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。
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