Selenium + Webdriver 学习(二) 各种浏览器简单操作

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-31 11:44:24 发布

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本文介绍了如何使用Java代码打开并操作FF、IE、Chrome三种常见浏览器的基本方法，并提供了解决IE浏览器异常的方法。同时，文章还详细解释了关闭浏览器、获取当前页面URL、窗口句柄等操作，并对操作过程中可能出现的异常进行了说明。

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打开一个测试浏览器

对浏览器进行操作首先需要打开一个浏览器，接下来才能对浏览器进行操作。但要注意的是，因为Chrome Driver是Chromium项目自己支持和维护的，所以你必需另外下载安装Chrome Driver，详细介绍查下他们的wiki。

以下是对FF\ IE（7.8.9.10）\chrome 浏览器的例子

Java代码：

[java] view plain copy print ?

/*** This class open browser
* @author annie.wang
*/
package com.annie.test;
import java.io.File;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxBinary;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
public class OpenBrowser {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
/** default open firefox ***/
WebDriver diver = new FirefoxDriver();
System.out.println("success open the Firefox01");
//打开指定路径的firefox,方法1
System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin","C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe");
WebDriver dr = new FirefoxDriver();
System.out.println("success open the Firefox02");
//打开指定路径的firefox,方法2
File pathToFirefoxBinary = new File("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe");
FirefoxBinary firefoxbin = new FirefoxBinary(pathToFirefoxBinary);
WebDriver driver1 = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxbin,null);
System.out.println("success open the Firefox03");
/** open IE browser */
DesiredCapabilities ieCapabilities = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer();
ieCapabilities.setCapability(InternetExplorerDriver.INTRODUCE_FLAKINESS_BY_IGNORING_SECURITY_DOMAINS,true);
WebDriver oWebDriver = new InternetExplorerDriver(ieCapabilities);// Setting the IE browser security
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver","C:\\Windows\\IEDriverServer.exe");
oWebDriver.get("http://www.google.com");
System.out.println("success open the IE");
/**open chrome browser */
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Windows\\chromedriver.exe");
// System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.bin","C:\\Windows\\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver chdr=new ChromeDriver();
/** close the browser 1.method ：quit
* driver.quit();
* close the browser 2.method ：close
* driver.close();
*/
/**得到当前页面url
* 返回当前浏览器的窗口句柄 */
/* String currentUrl = driver.getCurrentUrl();
//输出title和currenturl
System.out.println("页面title："+title+"\n"+"当前URL"+currentUrl);
// ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("alert(\"hello,this is a alert!\")");
String windowHandle=driver.getWindowHandle() ;
System.out.println("当前窗口句柄："+windowHandle+"\n"+windowHandle);
//String windowHandles=driver.getWindowHandles(Set<STRING>); // 返回所有浏览器的窗口句柄
// String pageSource=driver.getPageSource() ; //返回当前页面的源码
// System.out.println(pageSource+"\n"+pageSource);
*/
}
}
</STRING>

/*** This class  open browser
* @author annie.wang  
*/
package com.annie.test;

import java.io.File;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxBinary;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

public class OpenBrowser {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		  /** default open firefox  ***/ 
         WebDriver diver = new FirefoxDriver();  
        System.out.println("success open the Firefox01");
          
        //打开指定路径的firefox,方法1
        System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin","C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe");   
        WebDriver dr = new FirefoxDriver();  
        System.out.println("success open the Firefox02");
          
        //打开指定路径的firefox,方法2
         File pathToFirefoxBinary = new File("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe");    
        FirefoxBinary firefoxbin = new FirefoxBinary(pathToFirefoxBinary);    
        WebDriver driver1 = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxbin,null);  
        System.out.println("success open the Firefox03");
        /** open IE browser    */
		DesiredCapabilities ieCapabilities = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer();
		ieCapabilities.setCapability(InternetExplorerDriver.INTRODUCE_FLAKINESS_BY_IGNORING_SECURITY_DOMAINS,true);
		WebDriver oWebDriver = new InternetExplorerDriver(ieCapabilities);// 	Setting the IE browser security
	   System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver","C:\\Windows\\IEDriverServer.exe");
	   oWebDriver.get("http://www.google.com");
	   System.out.println("success open the IE");
	    /**open chrome browser  */
       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Windows\\chromedriver.exe");    
       // System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.bin","C:\\Windows\\chromedriver.exe"); 
        WebDriver chdr=new ChromeDriver(); 
         /** close the browser   1.method ：quit
          * driver.quit(); 
          * close the browser   2.method ：close 
          * driver.close();  
          */
        
      
        /**得到当前页面url 
         * 返回当前浏览器的窗口句柄 */
        /* String currentUrl = driver.getCurrentUrl();  
  
        //输出title和currenturl  
        System.out.println("页面title："+title+"\n"+"当前URL"+currentUrl); 
      //  ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("alert(\"hello,this is a alert!\")"); 
         
        String windowHandle=driver.getWindowHandle() ; 
        System.out.println("当前窗口句柄："+windowHandle+"\n"+windowHandle); 
        //String windowHandles=driver.getWindowHandles(Set); // 返回所有浏览器的窗口句柄
       // String pageSource=driver.getPageSource()  ;  //返回当前页面的源码
       // System.out.println(pageSource+"\n"+pageSource); 
        */
    }  
  
}

IE 中尤其注意，可能会报以下异常：

这个异常是由于IE浏览器的安全权限和zoom造成的，以下3个步骤方可解决

1. 加入此代码片段：

[java] view plain copy print ?

DesiredCapabilities ieCapabilities = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer();
ieCapabilities.setCapability(InternetExplorerDriver.INTRODUCE_FLAKINESS_BY_IGNORING_SECURITY_DOMAINS,true);
WebDriver oWebDriver = new InternetExplorerDriver(ieCapabilities);//Setting the IE browser security

DesiredCapabilities ieCapabilities = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer();
ieCapabilities.setCapability(InternetExplorerDriver.INTRODUCE_FLAKINESS_BY_IGNORING_SECURITY_DOMAINS,true);
WebDriver oWebDriver = new InternetExplorerDriver(ieCapabilities);//Setting the IE browser security

2. 设置Internet Option Enable 选项勾掉

3. 设置zoom 为100%

运行成功，注意IE9下有异常。尚未有解决方案，但是不影响IE9 测试功能

小结

从上面代码可以看出操作浏览器的主要方法都来自org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver这个接口中。看了一下源代码这些方法都是在org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver这个类中实现的，然后不同浏览的driver类继承 RemoteWebDriver。