merge用法

Oracle 中MERGE语句的用法(转载)
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lichkui/article/details/4306299


MERGE INTO TD_CART_ITEM T1
USING (SELECT ? AS F_ITEM_ID,
              ? AS F_ITEM_TYPE,
              ? AS F_CHANNEL_ID,
              ? AS F_CUSTOMER_ID,
              ? AS F_QUANTITY,
              case
                when trim(?) is null then
                 '0'
                else
                 trim(?)
              end AS F_EXCHANGE_ID,
              case
                when trim(?) is null then
                 '0'
                else
                 trim(?)
              end AS F_EXCHANGE_NUM
         FROM DUAL) T2
ON (T1.F_CUSTOMER_ID = T2.F_CUSTOMER_ID AND T1.F_ITEM_ID = T2.F_ITEM_ID AND T1.F_CHANNEL_ID = T2.F_CHANNEL_ID and t1.f_item_type = t2.F_ITEM_TYPE and ((t1.f_exchange_id = t2.f_exchange_id and t1.f_exchange_num = t2.F_EXCHANGE_NUM) or (t1.f_exchange_id is null and t1.f_exchange_num is null)))
WHEN MATCHED THEN
  UPDATE
     SET T1.F_QUANTITY = T1.F_QUANTITY + T2.F_QUANTITY
   WHERE T1.F_CUSTOMER_ID = T2.F_CUSTOMER_ID
     AND T1.F_ITEM_ID = T2.F_ITEM_ID
     AND T1.F_CHANNEL_ID = T2.F_CHANNEL_ID
     and t1.f_item_type = t2.F_ITEM_TYPE
     and ((t1.f_exchange_id = t2.f_exchange_id and
         t1.f_exchange_num = t2.F_EXCHANGE_NUM) or
         (t1.f_exchange_id is null and t1.f_exchange_num is null))
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  INSERT
    (F_ITEM_ID,
     F_QUANTITY,
     F_CUSTOMER_ID,
     F_ITEM_TYPE,
     F_CHANNEL_ID,
     F_EXCHANGE_ID,
     F_EXCHANGE_NUM)
  VALUES
    (T2.F_ITEM_ID,
     T2.F_QUANTITY,
     T2.F_CUSTOMER_ID,
     T2.F_ITEM_TYPE,
     T2.F_CHANNEL_ID,
     T2.F_EXCHANGE_ID,
     T2.F_EXCHANGE_NUM);

merge 用法
在 SQL 中,`MERGE` 语句用于根据两个表之间的条件来插入、更新或删除记录,通常用于同步两个表的数据,其中一个表是源表(包含要插入或更新的数据),另一个是目标表(数据要插入或更新的表)[^2]。 ### 语法 ```sql MERGE target_table AS target USING source_table AS source ON (merge_condition) WHEN MATCHED THEN -- 匹配时执行的更新操作 UPDATE SET column1 = source.column1, column2 = source.column2; WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN -- 不匹配时执行的插入操作 INSERT (column1, column2) VALUES (source.column1, source.column2); WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE THEN -- 目标表中有但源表中没有的记录执行的删除操作 DELETE; ``` 这里的 `target_table` 是目标表,`source_table` 是源表,`merge_condition` 是用于匹配两个表记录的条件。`WHEN MATCHED` 部分用于处理匹配的记录,`WHEN NOT MATCHED` 用于处理目标表中不存在而源表中存在的记录,`WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE` 用于处理目标表中有但源表中没有的记录 [^5]。 ### 示例 以下是一个具体的示例,假设存在 `Orders` 表(目标表)和 `Customers` 表(源表): ```sql MERGE INTO Orders O USING Customers C ON C.客户ID = O.客户ID WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET O.订单日期 = DATEADD(HOUR, 1, O.订单日期) WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET THEN INSERT (客户ID, 员工ID, 订单日期, 发货ID) VALUES (C.客户ID, NULL, NULL, NULL) OUTPUT $action AS [ACTION], Inserted.订单日期, Inserted.客户ID, Inserted.发货ID, Inserted.员工ID; ``` 此示例中,当 `Customers` 表和 `Orders` 表的 `客户ID` 匹配时,更新 `Orders` 表的 `订单日期`;当不匹配时,向 `Orders` 表插入新记录。同时,使用 `OUTPUT` 子句输出刚刚变动过的数据 [^4]。 ### 注意事项 - `MERGE` 关键字在 SQL Server 2008 被引入,它能将 `Insert`、`Update`、`Delete` 操作合并为一句 [^3]。 - 在 SQL Server 2008 之前,基于源表对目标表进行操作需要分别写好几条 `Insert`、`Update`、`Delete` 语句,而使用 `MERGE` 仅需一条语句 [^1]。
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