Nginx学习笔记

原创已于 2022-03-21 00:11:56 修改 · 1k 阅读

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于 2022-02-13 21:39:10 首次发布

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本文详细介绍了如何使用Nginx配置多域名代理，包括将abc.com和api.abc.com绑定到同一服务器，并实现前端访问/和a.html的代理规则。同时，展示了如何将zhuoludian.com重定向到landingsite.cn。此外，讲解了Nginx的if指令，用于根据变量值进行条件判断，如用户代理、cookie、请求方法等，实现不同情况下的响应处理策略。

Nginx

Core

Location

See https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#location

通过server_name绑定多域名abc.com和api.abc.com。前端访问/直接代理到后端index.html，前端访问a.html代理到后端a.html。

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name abc.com *.abc.com;
	location = / {
		proxy_pass 11.22.33.44:80/index.html;
	}
	location / {
		proxy_pass 11.22.33.44:80;
	}
}

将www.zhuoludian.com域名永久重定向到landingsite.cn

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name zhuoludian.com *.zhuoludian.com;
    return 301 http://landingsite.cn$request_uri;
}

Nginx if

https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.html#if

a variable name; false if the value of a variable is an empty string or “0”;
Before version 1.0.1, any string starting with “0” was considered a false value.
comparison of a variable with a string using the “=” and “!=” operators;
matching of a variable against a regular expression using the “~” (for case-sensitive matching) and “~” (for case-insensitive matching) operators. Regular expressions can contain captures that are made available for later reuse in the $1…$9 variables. Negative operators “!~” and “!~” are also available. If a regular expression includes the “}” or “;” characters, the whole expressions should be enclosed in single or double quotes.
checking of a file existence with the “-f” and “!-f” operators;
checking of a directory existence with the “-d” and “!-d” operators;
checking of a file, directory, or symbolic link existence with the “-e” and “!-e” operators;
checking for an executable file with the “-x” and “!-x” operators.

if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
    rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break;
}

if ($http_cookie ~* "id=([^;]+)(?:;|$)") {
    set $id $1;
}

if ($request_method = POST) {
    return 405;
}

if ($slow) {
    limit_rate 10k;
}

if ($invalid_referer) {
    return 403;
}

#user	root;
events {

}

http {
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        rewrite_log on;
        location / {
            set $first_language, $language_suffix;
            if ($http_accept_language ~* '^(.+?),') {
                set $first_language $1;
            }
            set $language_suffix 'en';
            if ($first_language ~ '^zh(\-CN?)') {
                set $language_suffix 'zh';
            }
            rewrite ^(.*)$ /$language_suffix/$1 break;
            proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
        }
        location /api/backend {
            rewrite ^/api/backend/(.*)$ /$1 break;
            proxy_pass http://localhost:3100;
        }
    }
}