访问Web元素可以有四种方法,下面依次列出
user_login_success.jsp

<%
@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>

<%
@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>success</title>

<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<base href="<%=basePath%>" />
<!-- 使用base标签指定本页面所有链接的参照路径 -->
</head>
<body>

<p>Login success.</p>
<s:property value="#request.r1" />
|
<%=request.getAttribute("r1")%>
<br>
<s:property value="#session.s1" />
|
<%=session.getAttribute("s1")%>
<br>
<s:property value="#application.a1" />
|
<%=application.getAttribute("a1")%><br>

<s:debug></s:debug>
</body>
</html>
第一种方法:
LoginAction1.java
package com.bebig.struts2.user.action;

import java.util.Map;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;


public class LoginAction1 extends ActionSupport
{
//取得Map类型的request、session、application
private Map request;
private Map session;
private Map application;


public LoginAction1()
{
request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
application = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();
}
public String execute()

{
request.put("r1", "r1");
session.put("s1", "s1");
application.put("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}

}
第二种方法:
LoginAction2.java
package com.bebig.struts2.user.action;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class LoginAction2 extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,

SessionAware, ApplicationAware
{
//三个对象被容器注入
private Map<String, Object> request;
private Map<String, Object> session;
private Map<String, Object> application;


public String execute()
{
request.put("r1", "r1");
session.put("s1", "s1");
application.put("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}

@Override

public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request)
{
this.request = request;
}

@Override

public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session)
{
this.session = session;
}

@Override

public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application)
{
this.application = application;
}

}
第三种方法:
LoginAction3.java
package com.bebig.struts2.user.action;


import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;


public class LoginAction3 extends ActionSupport
{
private HttpServletRequest request;
private HttpSession session;
private ServletContext application;


public LoginAction3()
{
request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
session = request.getSession();
application = session.getServletContext();
}
public String execute()

{
request.setAttribute("r1", "r1");
session.setAttribute("s1", "s1");
application.setAttribute("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}

}
第四种方法:
LoginAction4.java
package com.bebig.struts2.user.action;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;


public class LoginAction4 extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware
{
private HttpServletRequest request;
private HttpSession session;
private ServletContext application;


public String execute()
{
request.setAttribute("r1", "r1");
session.setAttribute("s1", "s1");
application.setAttribute("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}

@Override

public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request)
{
this.request = request;
session = request.getSession();
application = session.getServletContext();
}

}
总结:
第一种方法依赖于Struts2容器,取得相关对象数据;
第二种方法,依赖注入DI(dependency injection),控制反转IoC(Inverse of control),对象数据被容器注入;
第三种方法,依赖于容器取得相关对象数据;
第四种方法,依赖注入一个对象的数据后,再通过这个对象获取到其它对象数据。
推荐使用第二种方法。
另:取得Map类型request,session,application,真实类型HttpServletRequest,HttpSession,ServletContext的引用: