Linux学习23_使用ll命令和chown命令对文件拥有者进行指定或修改

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-22 19:44:35 发布

Wang_Zhenwei

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-22 19:44:35 发布

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本文介绍在Hadoop环境下，如何通过chown命令修改文件的拥有者和所属组，解决在非root用户下操作不便的问题，并提供详细的命令操作步骤和前后对比。

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在对一些软件或工具的安装过程中，一般是在root用户下，使用tar命名将安装包解压到/usr/local目录下，解压好文件的拥有者也将是root用户。如果后续操作在hadoop用户下进行，那么将会给操作到了很多不便，所以需要对文件的拥有者进行修改。

修改前，可以使用ll命令查看文件信息（下面信息是已经修改好的）：

[hadoop@Slave1 local]$ ll
total 80
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  7 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 27 22:50 elasticsearch
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  8 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep 28 20:16 flume
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 games
drwxr-xr-x. 11 hadoop hadoop 4096 Aug 24 22:43 hadoop
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 include
drwxr-xr-x.  4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 27 19:35 java
drwxr-xr-x.  6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep  9 10:27 kafka
drwxr-xr-x.  7 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep  8 13:12 kibana
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 libexec
drwxr-xr-x.  6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 27 23:29 logstash
drwxr-xr-x.  3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep  5 18:21 mongodb
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep 17 23:49 mysql
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root   root   4096 Aug 25 01:40 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 src
<span style="color:#ff0000;">drwxr-xr-x. 11 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 28 00:02 zookeeper</span>
[hadoop@Slave1 local]$

如果要对zookeeper文件的拥有者进行修改，可以使用chown命令

操作如下（为便于观察，将zookeeper的拥有者重新改成root）：

[root@Slave1 local]# chown -R root:root zookeeper
[root@Slave1 local]# ll
total 80
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  7 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 27 22:50 elasticsearch
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  8 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep 28 20:16 flume
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 games
drwxr-xr-x. 11 hadoop hadoop 4096 Aug 24 22:43 hadoop
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 include
drwxr-xr-x.  4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 27 19:35 java
drwxr-xr-x.  6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep  9 10:27 kafka
drwxr-xr-x.  7 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep  8 13:12 kibana
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 libexec
drwxr-xr-x.  6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 27 23:29 logstash
drwxr-xr-x.  3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep  5 18:21 mongodb
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep 17 23:49 mysql
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root   root   4096 Aug 25 01:40 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 src
<span style="color:#ff0000;">drwxr-xr-x. 11 root   root   4096 Oct 28 00:02 zookeeper</span>
[root@Slave1 local]#

最后，再修改回来：

[root@Slave1 local]# chown -R hadoop:hadoop zookeeper
[root@Slave1 local]# ll
total 80
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  7 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 27 22:50 elasticsearch
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  8 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep 28 20:16 flume
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 games
drwxr-xr-x. 11 hadoop hadoop 4096 Aug 24 22:43 hadoop
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 include
drwxr-xr-x.  4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 27 19:35 java
drwxr-xr-x.  6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep  9 10:27 kafka
drwxr-xr-x.  7 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep  8 13:12 kibana
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 libexec
drwxr-xr-x.  6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 27 23:29 logstash
drwxr-xr-x.  3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep  5 18:21 mongodb
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Sep 17 23:49 mysql
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root   root   4096 Aug 25 01:40 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root   root   4096 Sep 23  2011 src
<span style="color:#ff0000;">drwxr-xr-x. 11 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 28 00:02 zookeeper</span>
[root@Slave1 local]#

关于chown命令更详细的操作见：

http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/wang_zhenwei/article/details/49469103

关于ll命令和ls -l命令：

[root@Slave1 hadoop]# ll
total 129192
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Downloads
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 28510917 Oct 22 10:22 elasticsearch-1.7.3.tar.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 11787239 Oct 22 10:31 kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 91956015 Oct 22 11:50 logstash-1.5.4.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Videos
[root@Slave1 hadoop]# ls -l
total 129192
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Downloads
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 28510917 Oct 22 10:22 elasticsearch-1.7.3.tar.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 11787239 Oct 22 10:31 kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 91956015 Oct 22 11:50 logstash-1.5.4.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop     4096 Aug 24 17:54 Videos
[root@Slave1 hadoop]# exit
exit
[hadoop@Slave1 local]$

ll命令可以看作是ls -l命令的别名。