Spring事务配置的五种方式

 
Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
......">

<bean id="sessionFactory" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</bean> 

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>

<!-- 配置DAO -->
<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>

<bean id="userDao" 
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> 
<!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 
<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
<!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
<property name="transactionAttributes"> 
<props> 
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props> 
</property> 
</bean> 
</beans>
第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
......d">

<bean id="sessionFactory" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</bean> 

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>

<bean id="transactionBase" 
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" 
lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 
<!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
<!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
<property name="transactionAttributes"> 
<props> 
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
</props> 
</property> 
</bean> 

<!-- 配置DAO -->
<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>

<bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" > 
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 
</bean>
</beans>
第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
......">

<bean id="sessionFactory" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</bean> 

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean> 

<bean id="transactionInterceptor" 
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> 
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
<!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
<property name="transactionAttributes"> 
<props> 
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
</props> 
</property> 
</bean>

<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> 
<property name="beanNames"> 
<list> 
<value>*Dao</value>
</list> 
</property> 
<property name="interceptorNames"> 
<list> 
<value>transactionInterceptor</value> 
</list> 
</property> 
</bean> 

<!-- 配置DAO -->
<bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
</beans>
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
...">

<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

<bean id="sessionFactory" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</bean> 

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>

<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>

<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" /> 
</aop:config> 
</beans>
第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
......>

<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

<bean id="sessionFactory" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</bean> 

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>

</beans>
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

public List<User> listUsers() {
return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
}

}