Centos7下实现免密码登录

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#linux #centos #ssh #免密码登录

于 2017-12-26 17:06:48 首次发布

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本文详细介绍了在CentOS7系统中如何实现SSH免密码登录，包括生成SSH密钥、设置权限以及多种实现免密登录的方法，如ssh-copy-id、scp和使用Ansible批量配置。

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一、生成密钥

[root@localhost soft]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:pvR6iWfppGPSFZlAqP35/6DEtGTvaMY64otThWoBTuk root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|  .  o.          |
|.o  . .          |
|+. o . . o       |
| Eo o . +        |
|   o o..S.       |
|  o ..oO.o       |
| . . ..=*oo      |
|  ..o *=@+ .     |
|  .oo=+@+.o..    |
+----[SHA256]-----+

生成之后会在用户的根目录生成一个 “.ssh”的文件夹，进入“.ssh”会生成以下几个文件

[root@localhost ~]# ls -a
.  ..  anaconda-ks.cfg  .ansible  .bash_history  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .cache  .config  .cshrc  .scalac  .scala_history  .ssh  .tcshrc  .viminfo

进入“.ssh”会生成以下几个文件

[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
authorized_keys  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts

authorized_keys:存放远程免密登录的公钥,主要通过这个文件记录多台机器的公钥
id_rsa : 生成的私钥文件
id_rsa.pub ：生成的公钥文件
know_hosts : 已知的主机公钥清单
如果希望ssh公钥生效需满足至少下面两个条件：

.ssh目录的权限必须是700
.ssh/authorized_keys文件权限必须是600

二、远程免密登录
1.原理：

客户端向服务器端发出连接请求
服务器端向客户端发出自己的公钥
客户端使用服务器端的公钥加密通讯密钥然后发给服务器端
如果通讯过程被截获，由于窃听者即使获知公钥和经过公钥加密的内容，但不拥有私钥依然无法解密（RSA算法）
服务器端接收到密文后，用私钥解密，获知通讯密钥
2.常用以下几种方法：
2.1通过ssh-copy-id的方式

[root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id -i root@worker1
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@worker1's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@worker1'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

2.2通过scp将内容写到对方的文件中

[root@test .ssh]# scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.91.135:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
root@192.168.91.135's password: 
id_rsa.pub 100% 408 0.4KB/s 00:00 
[root@test .ssh]# 
[root@test .ssh]# 
[root@test .ssh]# 
[root@test .ssh]# ssh root@192.168.91.135
Last login: Mon Oct 10 01:27:02 2016 from 192.168.91.133
[root@localhost ~]#

或者

$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@<remote_ip>:pub_key //将文件拷贝至远程服务器
$ cat ~/pub_key >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys //将内容追加到authorized_keys文件中， 不过要登录远程服务器来执行这条命令

2.3通过Ansible实现批量免密
将需要做免密操作的机器hosts添加到/etc/ansible/hosts下：

[Avoid close]
192.168.91.132
192.168.91.133
192.168.91.134

执行命令进行免密操作

ansible <groupname> -m authorized_key -a "user=root key='{{ lookup('file','/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}'" -k

示例：

[root@test sshpass-1.05]# ansible test -m authorized_key -a "user=root key='{{ lookup('file','/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}'" -k
　　SSH password: ----->输入密码
　　192.168.91.135 | success >> {
　　"changed": true, 
　　"key": "ssh-rsa 　　 AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEArZI4kxlYuw7j1nt5ueIpTPWfGBJoZ8Mb02OJHR8yGW7A3izwT3/uhkK7RkaGavBbAlprp5bxp3i0TyNxa/apBQG5NiqhYO8YCuiGYGsQAGwZCBlNLF3gq1/18B6FV5moE/8yTbFA4dBQahdtVP PejLlSAbb5ZoGK8AtLlcRq49IENoXB99tnFVn3gMM0aX24ido1ZF9RfRWzfYF7bVsLsrIiMPmVNe5KaGL9kZ0svzoZ708yjWQQCEYWp0m+sODbtGPC34HMGAHjFlsC/SJffLuT/ug/hhCJUYeExHIkJF8OyvfC6DeF7ArI6zdKER7D8M0SM　　WQmpKUltj2nltuv3w== root@localhost.localdomain", 
　　"key_options": null, 
　　"keyfile": "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys", 
　　"manage_dir": true, 
　　"path": null, 
　　"state": "present", 
　　"unique": false, 
　　"user": "root"
　　}

参考：