查看磁盘或者目录的容量
命令 : df
“df” 查看已挂载磁盘的总容量、使用容量、剩余容量等,可以不加任何参数,默认是按k为单位显示的。
[root@node79 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 50101352 1457188 48644164 3% /
devtmpfs 490164 0 490164 0% /dev
tmpfs 499968 0 499968 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 499968 6820 493148 2% /run
tmpfs 499968 0 499968 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 201380 111396 89984 56% /boot
tmpfs 99996 0 99996 0% /run/user/0
常用选项 -h,比较直观的显示容量
[root@node79 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 48G 1.4G 47G 3% /
devtmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 6.7M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 109M 88M 56% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
常用选项
-i,查看inode使用情况
[root@node79 ~]# df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 25062912 54374 25008538 1% /
devtmpfs 122541 372 122169 1% /dev
tmpfs 124992 1 124991 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 124992 449 124543 1% /run
tmpfs 124992 16 124976 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 102400 330 102070 1% /boot
tmpfs 124992 1 124991 1% /run/user/0
命令 : du
“du” 用来查看某个目录或文件所占空间大小.
语法 : du [-abckmsh] [文件或者目录名] 常用的参数有:
“-a” 全部文件与目录大小都列出来。如果不加任何选项和参数只列出目录(包含子目录)大小。
[root@node79 ~]# du -h /root
8.0K /root/.ssh
0 /root/test
0 /root/234
48K /root
[root@node79 ~]# du -sh /root
48K /root
[root@node79 ~]# du -sh /etc/passwd
4.0K /etc/passwd
[root@node79 ~]# ls -lh /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.1K Nov 2 10:31 /etc/passwd
磁盘的分区 fdisk
命令 : fdisk
fdisk 是Linux下硬盘的分区工具,是一个非常实用的命令,但是fdisk只能划分小于2T的分区。
语法 : fdisk [-l ] [设备名称] 选项只有一个。
“-l” 后边不跟设备名会直接列出系统中所有的磁盘设备以及分区表,加上设备名会列出该设备的分区表。
[root@node79 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00049e93
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 4605951 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4605952 104857599 50125824 83 Linux
“fdisk” 如果不加 “-l” 则进入另一个模式,在该模式下,可以对磁盘进行分区操作。
[root@node79 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00049e93
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 4605951 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4605952 104857599 50125824 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@node79 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xff0f8423.
Command (m for help):
如果您输入 ‘m’ 会列出常用的命令:
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
“p” 打印当前磁盘的分区情况。
‘n’ 建立一个新的分区。
‘w’ 保存操作。
‘q’ 退出。
‘d’ 删除一个分区
下面把刚才增加的磁盘/dev/sdb进行分区操作。先使用 ‘p’ 命令看一下/dev/sdb的分区状况:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xff0f8423
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
使用 ‘n’ 命令新建分区,它会提示是要 ‘e’ (扩展分区) 还是 ‘p’ (主分区) [1] 选择是 ‘p’, 于是输入 ‘p’ 然后回车
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): 1
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4194304-20971519, default 20971519): +2G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xff0f8423
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 4194304 8388607 2097152 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
在linux中最多只能创建4个主分区,那如果您想多创建几个分区如何做?很容易,在创建完第三个分区后,创建第四个分区时选择扩展分区。