yum换源
阿里源
阿里巴巴开源镜像站:https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/
CentOS镜像换源(以下摘抄自此页):https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/centos
- 备份
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
- 下载新的配置文件
# CentOS 6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
# 或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
# CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
# 或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
# CentOS 8
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
# 或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
- 生成缓存
yum makecache
- 其他
非阿里云ECS用户会出现 Couldn’t resolve host ‘mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com’ 信息,不影响使用。用户也可自行修改相关配置: eg:
sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
南大源
南大开源镜像站:https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/
南大开源镜像站帮助页面:https://nju-mirror-help.njuer.org/
CentOS镜像换源(以下摘抄自此页):https://nju-mirror-help.njuer.org/centos.html
- 备份
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
- 使用vim编辑配置文件
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# 或者
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
按i进入编辑模式
按ESC退出编辑模式
退出编辑模式后按“:”进入命令模式
命令模式输入wq保存退出
- 按照对应的版本粘贴对应的配置内容
CentOS 5
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
CentOS 6
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.nju.edu.cn
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
CentOS 7
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
# mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
# mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
# mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
- 生成缓存
sudo yum makecache
yum更新
- 升级所有包同时也升级软件和系统内核
yum -y update
- 只升级所有包,不升级软件和系统内核
yum -y upgrade
其他常用yum命令
yum install softwarename #安装
yum remove softwarename #卸载软件
yum list softwarename #查看软件源中是否有此软件
yum list all #列出所有软件名称
yum list installed #列出已经安装的软件名称
yum list available #列出可以用yum安装的软件
yum clean all #清空yum缓存
yum search softwareinfo #根据软件信息搜索软件名字(如,使用search web搜索web浏览器)
yum whatprovides filename #在yum源中查找包含filename文件的软件包(如,whatprovides rm搜索汉含rm的软件,命令实质上是文件)
yum update #更新软件,会存在未知问题,一般不对服务器升降级
yum history #查看系统软件改变历史
yum reinstall softwarename #重新安装
yum info softwarename #查看软件信息
yum groups list #查看软件组信息
yum groups info softwarename #查看软件组内包含的软件
yum groups install softwarename #安装组件
yum groups remove softwarename #卸载组件
yum clean all #清理缓存
- 列出所有可更新的软件清单命令:yum check-update
- 更新所有软件命令:yum update
- 仅安装指定的软件命令:yum install <package_name>
- 仅更新指定的软件命令:yum update <package_name>
- 列出所有可安裝的软件清单命令:yum list
- 删除软件包命令:yum remove <package_name>
- 查找软件包命令:yum search
- 清除缓存命令:
- yum clean packages: 清除缓存目录下的软件包
- yum clean headers: 清除缓存目录下的 headers
- yum clean oldheaders: 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
- yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的 headers