闲敲棋子落灯花

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定义: 设AA是nn阶方阵, 如果数λ\lambda和非零向量xx使关系式 Ax=λx Ax = \lambda x 成立, 那么, λ\lambda称为方阵AA的特征值, 非零向量xx称为AA的对应于特征值λ\lambda的特征向量. 上式也可以写为: (Ax−λE)x=0 (Ax-\lambda E)x=0 这个是nn个未知数和nn个方程的齐次线形方程组. 它有非零解的充要条