WebSocket

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WebSocket协议提供了一个全双工的通信通道，通过单一的TCP连接实现浏览器与服务器之间的双向数据传输。该协议由IETF标准化为RFC 6455，并由W3C标准化其API。WebSocket的设计目标是降低通信开销，支持实时数据传输，使得服务器能够在未被客户端请求的情况下发送内容，并允许双方在保持连接打开的状态下交换消息。

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转自：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket

WebSocket is a computer communications protocol, providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. The WebSocket protocol was standardized by the IETF as RFC 6455 in 2011, and the WebSocket API in Web IDL is being standardized by the W3C.

WebSocket is designed to be implemented in web browsers and web servers, but it can be used by any client or server application. The WebSocket Protocol is an independent TCP-based protocol. Its only relationship to HTTP is that its handshake is interpreted by HTTP servers as an Upgrade request.^[1] The WebSocket protocol enables interaction between a browser and a web server with lower overheads, facilitating real-time data transfer from and to the server. This is made possible by providing a standardized way for the server to send content to the browser without being solicited by the client, and allowing for messages to be passed back and forth while keeping the connection open. In this way, a two-way (bi-directional) ongoing conversation can take place between a browser and the server. The communications are done over TCP port number 80 (or 443 in the case of TLS-encrypted connections), which is of benefit for those environments which block non-web Internet connections using a firewall. Similar two-way browser-server communications have been achieved in non-standardized ways using stopgap technologies such as Comet.