单元测试框架对比

单元测试框架对比

主要小试了下junit + mockito 及 testng + jmockit两种ut及mock搭配方式。做下简单对比，当做笔记。
- junit + mockito
- testng + jmockit

---

junit + mockito

依赖：

            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.junit.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
                <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
                <version>${mockito-core.version}</version>
            </dependency>

同spring结合，BaseTest类。继承AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests 加入了事务。

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring-test.xml" })
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class BaseTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests implements ApplicationContextAware {
    @Before
    public void setup() {
        /** Initializes objects annotated with Mockito annotations for given testClass */
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }
}

test子类。
简单说明：leaseBiz是业务逻辑层，调用leaseService层去查询数据库。

package com.unifirst.biz;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.Spy;
import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;

import com.unifirst.BaseTest;
import com.unifirst.model.po.LeaseRecord;
import com.unifirst.model.ro.LeaseDetailResp;
import com.unifirst.service.LeaseService;

/**
 * Created by unifirst on 2018/3/13.
 */
public class LeaseTest extends BaseTest {
    @Spy
    private LeaseService leaseService;

    @Resource
    @InjectMocks
    private LeaseBiz leaseBiz;

    @Before
    public void init() {
        LeaseRecord leaseRecord = new LeaseRecord();
        leaseRecord.setTotalAmount(BigDecimal.ONE);
        leaseRecord.setEndTime(new Date());
        leaseRecord.setStartTime(new Date());
        leaseRecord.setUid(30030633745056L);
        leaseRecord.setLeaseNumber(317733346556907520L);

        /** 仅仅用spy + InjectMocks，无法成功注入；需要用反射方式注入 */
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(leaseBiz, "leaseService", leaseService);

        Mockito.when(leaseService.queryDetail(Mockito.anyLong())).thenReturn(leaseRecord);
    }

    @Test
    public void detailTest() {
        LeaseDetailResp detail = leaseBiz.detail(30030633745056L, 317733346556907520L);
        System.out.println(detail);
    }
}

testng + jmockit

依赖

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
                <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
                <version>${testng.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.jmockit</groupId>
                <artifactId>jmockit</artifactId>
                <version>${jmockit.version}</version>
            </dependency>

test类
几处注意的地方：

1. 无上面与spring结合的BaseTest类
2. @Tested注解的不是interface，而是具体实现类
3. 虽然被测试代码仅仅使用到了globalConfigBiz，但其他@Resource引入的service，都需要用@Injectable注入，否则报错：

 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Missing @Injectable for field xxx

1. 若被test的类有@Value注解，则同service一样要通过@Injectable注入

代码示例如下：

package com.unifirst.biz;

import java.util.List;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.collections.Lists;

import com.unifirst.biz.impl.FeedBackBizImpl;
import com.unifirst.model.bo.FaultTypes;
import com.unifirst.service.FeedBackService;
import com.unifirst.service.OpLogService;
import com.wormpex.api.json.JsonUtil;

import mockit.Expectations;
import mockit.Injectable;
import mockit.Tested;

/**
 * Created by unifirst on 2018/3/14.
 */
public class FeedBackBizTest {
    @Tested
    private FeedBackBizImpl feedBackBiz;
    @Injectable
    private FeedBackService feedBackService;
    @Injectable
    private OpLogService opLogService;
    @Injectable
    private GlobalConfigBiz globalConfigBiz;

    @Test
    public void faultTypeListsTest() {
        new Expectations() {
            {
                FaultTypes faultTypes = new FaultTypes();
                List<String> types = Lists.newArrayList("t1", "t2");
                faultTypes.setTypes(types);

                globalConfigBiz.query(anyString);
                result = JsonUtil.of(faultTypes);
            }
        };

        List<String> detail = feedBackBiz.faultTypeLists();
        System.out.println(detail);
    }
}

对比

junit vs testng，mockito vs jmockit 网上资料很多，不多介绍。这里只从与spring的结合性来简单对比。

• junit + mockito 与spring结合性感觉更强，可以充分兼容spring的各种注解，能较完美接近项目启动后实际运行情况。可以用来做一定的业务自动化回归测试，但可能超出了ut的范围
• testng + jmockit 可能功能更强大，但与spring不易结合，各种注解不好兼容，如上例中直接放弃了在spring中的测试。反过来说，不依赖spring，专注测好一件事情。

UT理念应该是小而简单、保持独立、mock依赖都能正确工作。这应该是jmockit所追求的，所以强调脱离spring的正常工作。
但目前项目中，需要用ut做一部分业务自动化测试，因此可能junit + mockito更适合。

个人浅见，欢迎拍砖。