Centos下yum安装nginx本地仓库无nginx源解决方案

本文介绍在CentOS系统中遇到无法通过yum命令直接安装Nginx的问题及解决方法。由于Nginx位于第三方的yum源中,需先安装EPEL源或配置国内镜像源。

一、问题描述:

      在CentOS下使用yum install nginx -y 命令时,出现如下错误:

[root@docker-05 ~]# yum install nginx -y
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
没有可用软件包 nginx。
错误:无须任何处理

 

二、问题原因
     nginx位于第三方的yum源里面,而不在centos官方yum源里面
三、解决方法
查看系统是6还是7
[root@docker-02 yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

 
 在使用yum install命令时,可以直接指定安装包的https下载路径,如下:
 
  • RHEL/CentOS 6:
     # yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
  • RHEL/CentOS 7:
     # yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
   另外说明,如果在RHEL上安装,还需要安装与启动EPEL相关的组件;
    # subscription-manager repos --enable "rhel-*-optional-rpms" --enable "rhel-*-extras-rpms"
执行下面的命令
[root@docker-05 ~]# yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
再次执行安装命令即可:
方案二:直接下载一个epel源替代系统的软件源:
配置yum源、epel源为国内镜像
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
获取阿里centos7的base-repo
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

直接执行yun install -y nginx即可 

root@kubevirt1910b:~# sudo apt-get update Ign:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy InRelease Get:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial InRelease [8,993 B] Get:3 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease [270 kB] Ign:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 Packages Get:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 Packages [69.9 kB] Get:5 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [128 kB] Ign:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy InRelease Get:6 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease [127 kB] Get:7 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [129 kB] Get:8 https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_22.04 InRelease [1,639 B] Get:9 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/main Sources [1,340 kB] Get:10 https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_22.04 Packages [8,882 B] Ign:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy InRelease Get:11 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse Sources [304 kB] Get:12 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/universe Sources [17.8 MB] Err:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy InRelease Could not handshake: Error in the pull function. [IP: 18.172.31.28 443] Get:13 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted Sources [23.7 kB] Ign:14 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/main arm64 Packages Get:15 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages [1,395 kB] Get:16 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/main Translation-en [510 kB] Get:17 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/main arm64 c-n-f Metadata [29.8 kB] Ign:18 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted arm64 Packages Get:19 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted amd64 Packages [129 kB] Get:20 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted Translation-en [18.6 kB] Get:21 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted arm64 c-n-f Metadata [372 B] Get:22 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 Packages [14.1 MB] Ign:23 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/universe arm64 Packages Get:24 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/universe Translation-en [5,652 kB] Get:25 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/universe arm64 c-n-f Metadata [277 kB] Ign:26 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse arm64 Packages Get:27 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse amd64 Packages [217 kB] Get:28 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse Translation-en [112 kB] Get:29 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse arm64 c-n-f Metadata [7,064 B] Get:30 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted Sources [87.2 kB] Get:31 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe Sources [472 kB] Get:32 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse Sources [33.8 kB] Get:33 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main Sources [571 kB] Ign:34 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main arm64 Packages Get:35 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages [3,065 kB] Get:36 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main Translation-en [473 kB] Get:37 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main arm64 c-n-f Metadata [18.6 kB] Ign:38 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted arm64 Packages Get:39 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [4,832 kB] Get:40 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted Translation-en [898 kB] Get:41 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted arm64 c-n-f Metadata [496 B] Ign:42 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe arm64 Packages Get:43 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1,242 kB] Get:44 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe Translation-en [307 kB] Get:45 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe arm64 c-n-f Metadata [26.7 kB] Ign:46 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse arm64 Packages Get:47 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [57.6 kB] Get:48 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse Translation-en [13.2 kB] Get:49 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse arm64 c-n-f Metadata [336 B] Get:50 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main Sources [8,988 B] Get:51 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe Sources [10.6 kB] Ign:52 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main arm64 Packages Get:53 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main amd64 Packages [69.4 kB] Get:54 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main Translation-en [11.5 kB] Get:55 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main arm64 c-n-f Metadata [412 B] Get:56 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/restricted arm64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B] Ign:57 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe arm64 Packages Get:58 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe amd64 Packages [30.1 kB] Get:59 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe Translation-en [16.6 kB] Get:60 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe arm64 c-n-f Metadata [604 B] Get:61 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/multiverse arm64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B] Get:62 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse Sources [22.5 kB] Get:63 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe Sources [307 kB] Get:64 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main Sources [325 kB] Get:65 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted Sources [81.9 kB] Get:66 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main amd64 Packages [2,776 kB] Ign:67 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main arm64 Packages Get:68 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main Translation-en [403 kB] Get:69 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main arm64 c-n-f Metadata [13.5 kB] Get:70 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted amd64 Packages [4,623 kB] Ign:71 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted arm64 Packages Get:72 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted Translation-en [859 kB] Get:73 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted arm64 c-n-f Metadata [508 B] Get:74 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe amd64 Packages [1,008 kB] Ign:75 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe arm64 Packages Get:76 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe Translation-en [220 kB] Get:77 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe arm64 c-n-f Metadata [19.7 kB] Ign:78 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse arm64 Packages Get:79 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [50.5 kB] Get:80 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse Translation-en [10.2 kB] Get:81 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse arm64 c-n-f Metadata [296 B] Ign:14 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/main arm64 Packages Ign:18 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:23 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/universe arm64 Packages Ign:26 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:34 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main arm64 Packages Ign:38 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:42 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe arm64 Packages Ign:46 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:52 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main arm64 Packages Ign:57 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe arm64 Packages Ign:67 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main arm64 Packages Ign:71 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:75 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe arm64 Packages Ign:78 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:14 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/main arm64 Packages Ign:18 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:23 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/universe arm64 Packages Ign:26 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:34 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main arm64 Packages Ign:38 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:42 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe arm64 Packages Ign:46 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:52 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main arm64 Packages Ign:57 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe arm64 Packages Ign:67 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main arm64 Packages Ign:71 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:75 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe arm64 Packages Ign:78 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:14 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/main arm64 Packages Ign:18 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:23 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/universe arm64 Packages Ign:26 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:34 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main arm64 Packages Ign:38 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:42 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe arm64 Packages Ign:46 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:52 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main arm64 Packages Ign:57 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe arm64 Packages Ign:67 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main arm64 Packages Ign:71 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:75 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe arm64 Packages Ign:78 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:14 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/main arm64 Packages Ign:18 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:23 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/universe arm64 Packages Ign:26 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:34 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main arm64 Packages Ign:38 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:42 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe arm64 Packages Ign:46 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse arm64 Packages Ign:52 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main arm64 Packages Ign:57 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe arm64 Packages Ign:67 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main arm64 Packages Ign:71 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:75 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe arm64 Packages Ign:78 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse arm64 Packages Err:14 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/main arm64 Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 123.249.118.101 443] Ign:18 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:23 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/universe arm64 Packages Ign:26 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy/multiverse arm64 Packages Err:34 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main arm64 Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 123.249.118.101 443] Ign:38 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:42 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe arm64 Packages Ign:46 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse arm64 Packages Err:52 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main arm64 Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 123.249.118.101 443] Ign:57 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe arm64 Packages Err:67 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main arm64 Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 123.249.118.101 443] Ign:71 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted arm64 Packages Ign:75 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe arm64 Packages Ign:78 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse arm64 Packages Fetched 65.6 MB in 3min 24s (322 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done W: Failed to fetch https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease Could not handshake: Error in the pull function. [IP: 18.172.31.28 443] E: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy/main/binary-arm64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 123.249.118.101 443] E: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-updates/main/binary-arm64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 123.249.118.101 443] E: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-backports/main/binary-arm64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 123.249.118.101 443] E: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-security/main/binary-arm64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 123.249.118.101 443] W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead. root@kubevirt1910b:~# apt-get install nginx Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package nginx
最新发布
11-04
<think>我们面对的问题有三个部分: 1. sudo apt-get update 时,docker(https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu)出现“无法握手”的错误(可能是SSL/TLS握手问题) 2. 华为镜像(https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu)中部分arm64 Packages出现404 Not Found错误 3. 使用apt-get install nginx时找不到nginx包 首先,我们需要分析问题原因: 1. 对于docker的握手问题,可能是网络问题、SSL证书问题或者地址配置错误。 2. 对于华为镜像的404错误,可能是因为镜像中确实没有对应的arm64包,或者路径发生了变化。 3. 找不到nginx包可能是因为软件中没有包含nginx,或者软件配置有误,导致apt无法找到该包。 解决方案: 步骤1:检查网络连接 确保服务器可以正常访问互联网,特别是能够访问download.docker.com和mirrors.huaweicloud.com。 步骤2:检查Docker配置 查看/etc/apt/sources.list.d/目录下是否有docker的配置文件(通常为docker.list)。检查配置的URL是否正确。对于Ubuntu Jammy(22.04),正确的Docker应该是: deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy stable 但是注意,错误信息中提到了“jammy InRelease”,说明配置中可能使用的是jammy版本。如果系统架构不是amd64(比如arm64),那么可能需要调整arch参数。 步骤3:解决SSL握手问题 可以尝试使用浏览器或curl访问该URL,看是否正常。如果是因为证书问题,可以尝试更新CA证书: sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates 另外,也可以尝试将https改为http(不推荐,因为不安全),或者检查系统时间是否正确(SSL证书验证依赖正确的时间)。 步骤4:处理华为镜像的404错误 华为镜像404错误可能是由于镜像中arm64的索引文件不存在。我们可以考虑更换镜像,比如换成阿里云、清华等。或者,检查华为镜像中arm64目录是否存在。 步骤5:解决nginx安装问题 默认情况下,Ubuntu官方包含nginx,但是可能不在主仓库中。我们可以先尝试更新软件缓存(在解决前两个问题后): sudo apt-get update 如果更新成功,再尝试安装nginx。如果还是找不到,可以尝试添加nginx官方。 具体操作: 一、解决Docker握手问题 1. 首先,检查Docker配置文件。如果存在,打开检查(假设文件名为docker.list): cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list 确认内容是否为: deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy stable 注意:如果系统是arm64,需要将amd64改为arm64。但通常Docker对arm64的支持可能会有限制。 2. 如果确认配置正确,尝试手动访问该URL: curl -I https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease 如果返回错误,检查网络设置。如果是因为网络问题,可能需要配置代理。 3. 更新CA证书: sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates sudo update-ca-certificates 4. 如果问题依然存在,可以尝试暂时使用http(不推荐长期使用): 将配置文件中的https改为http,然后再次运行sudo apt-get update。 二、解决华为镜像404问题 1. 检查主配置文件/etc/apt/sources.list,看看里面关于华为镜像的配置。通常内容类似: deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse ...(其他行) 2. 404错误通常发生在特定的架构和组件。我们可以尝试将华为镜像更换为其他镜像,例如阿里云: deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse ...(替换为阿里云镜像) 更换方法:使用sed命令或者手动编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件,将mirrors.huaweicloud.com替换为mirrors.aliyun.com。 3. 或者,使用清华镜像(可选): deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse ...(同上) 4. 更换后,运行sudo apt-get update,看是否还有404错误。 三、解决nginx安装问题 在修复上述两个问题后,再次运行: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install nginx 如果仍然找不到nginx,可以尝试添加nginx官方: 1. 安装依赖: sudo apt install curl gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release ubuntu-keyring 2. 导入nginx官方签名密钥: curl https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null 3. 添加稳定版nginx: echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` nginx" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list 4. 再次更新并安装: sudo apt update sudo apt install nginx 注意:如果系统是arm64架构,需要确认nginx官方是否支持arm64。如果不支持,可能需要从其他途径安装。 四、总结步骤 按照上述步骤,先解决配置问题,再安装nginx。 如果用户不需要docker,也可以暂时删除docker(/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list),避免update报错。 最后,确保系统时间正确,可以使用: sudo apt install ntpdate sudo ntpdate time.windows.com # 或者使用其他时间服务器 sudo hwclock --systohc 时间不正确也可能导致SSL握手失败。 按照上述步骤操作,应该能解决用户的问题。 §§相关问题§§ 1. 如何检查APT更新的配置是否正确? 2. 如何为Ubuntu系统更换软件镜像? 3. 如何手动添加第三方软件(如Docker、Nginx)? </think>### 解决 Ubuntu 软件安装问题 以下是逐步解决 `sudo apt-get update` 报错和 `nginx` 安装失败的完整方案: --- ### **问题原因分析** 1. **Docker 无法握手** - 通常因 SSL 证书问题或网络限制导致 HTTPS 连接失败 - 错误示例: `Failed to connect to download.docker.com port 443: Connection refused` 2. **华为镜像 404 错误** - ARM64 架构的软件包路径可能已失效 - 错误示例: `404 Not Found [IP: xx.xx.xx.xx]` 3. **找不到 Nginx 包** - 默认 Ubuntu 可能未包含 Nginx - 错误示例: `E: Package 'nginx' has no installation candidate` --- ### **解决方案** #### **步骤 1:修复 Docker 握手问题** ```bash # 临时跳过 HTTPS 验证(测试用) sudo apt-get -o Acquire::https::Verify-Peer=false update # 永久修复(更换为 HTTP ) sudo sed -i 's/https:/http:/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list ``` #### **步骤 2:修复华为镜像 404 错误** ```bash # 备份原配置 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # 更换为阿里云镜像(兼容 ARM64) sudo sed -i 's|http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com|https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/apt/sources.list # 或手动编辑文件 sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list # 替换所有内容为: deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse ``` #### **步骤 3:添加 Nginx 官方** ```bash # 安装依赖 sudo apt-get install -y curl gnupg2 # 添加 Nginx 官方密钥 curl -fsSL https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg # 添加 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) nginx" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list ``` #### **步骤 4:完成修复** ```bash # 更新安装 Nginx sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y nginx # 验证安装 nginx -v # 应输出版本号如 nginx/1.24.0 ``` --- ### **关键点说明** 1. **镜像选择** 阿里云/清华对 ARM64 支持更完善,避免华为的 404 错误[^1]。 2. **Nginx 安装机制** Ubuntu 官方默认不包含最新 Nginx,需手动添加官方[^2]。 3. **安全建议** Docker 的 HTTP 仅作临时方案,生产环境应修复证书问题: ```bash sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates ``` ---
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