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背景：本人博客自2014年上线以来，一直使用阿里云ECS最低配的实例，由于最近阿里云ECS进行了升级迁移，原来的低配实例已经不存在了，升级后实例的配置有所提升，当然价格更高了，为了更好的发挥服务器性能，所以就想利用空闲时间对整站进行升级，包含阿里云ecs更换系统盘，MySQL 5.7.19 编译安装与配置, Nginx 1.12.1 编译安装与配置, PHP 7.1.9 编译安装与配置等。
服务器环境
CentOS 6.3 64位 全新纯净的系统/1核1GB/经典网络 1MB
https://www.mysql.com/downloads/，如果你想使用MySQL 5.7.19的源码版本，点此处直接下载!
Source Code，选择操作系统版本为Generic Linux，选择Compressed TAR Archive, Includes Boost Headers版本或Compressed TAR Archive版本，暂未研究两个版本的区别，开始以为Includes Boost Headers不用再去下载Boost库，然而安装时发现还是需要，所以此处先任意选择一个版本，选择点击 Download 进行下载
/usr/local/src目录，一般我喜欢把下载的文件放在此目录，根据自己的喜好设定[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# cd /usr/local/src
yum -y install wget即可安装[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.19.tar.gz
问题错误：
如果此处下载遇到如下问题，说明你没有安装openssl，此问题一般只会出现在全新的机器上
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.19.tar.gz--2017-09-22 16:20:26-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.19.tar.gz Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11 Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected. Unable to establish SSL connection.
解决方案：
安装opensll，yum -y install openssl再次执行下载命令即可
boost_1_59_0.tar.gz，如果wget无法下载，建议使用迅雷下载后再上传到服务器目录[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# cp -r boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison libgcrypt perl make cmake
-g指定用户组, -r创建系统用户[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# groupadd mysql
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false -M mysql
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.19.tar.gz
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ src]# cd mysql-5.7.19/
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql/{data,logs,pids}
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# make
问题错误：
编译出现错误，查询得知可能是由于内存不足导致的
c++编译出错
解决方案：
临时增加交换空间 ( 虚拟内存 )[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1k count=2048000 2048000+0 records in 2048000+0 records out 2097152000 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 34.6782 s, 60.5 MB/s [root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# mkswap /swapfile Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2047996 KiB no label, UUID=56026239-26e6-40d9-b080-b95acd9db058 [root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# swapon /swapfile swapon: /swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested. [root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chmod 600 /swapfile查看创建的交换空间
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 992 51 70 0 869 789 Swap: 1999 0 1999继续执行
make命令[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# make clean [root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# make如果你编译完成后不再想要此交换空间，你可以执行如下命令：
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# swapoff /swapfile [root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# rm /swapfile
温馨提示：
MySQL编译过程等待时间会比较久，有时都以为是“卡”住了，你可以使用top命令查看资源状态，看看cc1plus、make等进程是否在跳动，如果有跳动说明安装还在继续，由于我的 ecs 配置较低，此过程大约经历了几个小时，特别是在29%和74%的时候，几乎都要快放弃了， 如果有经济的能力的话，建议服务器配置还是尽量买高一点。
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# top
make install 进行安装[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# make install
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH [root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# vim /etc/profile
...
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
# mysql执行路径
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# source /etc/profile
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
/etc/init.d/目录，并给出执行权限[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use <span class="hljs-string">'systemctl list-unit-files'</span>.
To see services enabled on particular target use
<span class="hljs-string">'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'</span>.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
/etc/my.cnf文件，编辑配置文件如下，仅供参考[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/pids/mysqld.pid
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.2017-09-23T16:13:16.049373Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql[FAILED]2864f6btwZ.pid).
问题错误：
由于缺少mysqld.log和mysqld.pid文件导致无法正常启动
解决方案：
创建mysqld.log和mysqld.pid文件[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# touch /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log [root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# touch /usr/local/mysql/pids/mysqld.pid修改 /usr/local/mysql 的权限
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/再次启动MySQL
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# service mysqld start
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# service mysqld status
MySQL is not running, but lock file (/var/lock/subsys/mysql[FAILED]
问题错误：
MySQL is not running, but lock file (/var/lock/subsys/mysql[FAILED]
解决方案：
删除/var/lock/subsys/mysql文件，重新启动MySQL[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql [root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# mysql -u root
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]#
问题错误：
/etc/my.cnf 文件配置不正确
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
解决方案：
参考上述步骤 修改 /etc/my.cnf 文件
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.19 Source distribution
Copyright © 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql>
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column ‘password’ in ‘field list’
mysql>
问题错误：
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'
解决方案：
由于MySQL 5.7版本下的mysql数据库下已经没有password这个字段了，password字段改成了authentication_string，查询时使用authentication_string字段即可mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user; +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+ | host | user | authentication_string | +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+ | localhost | root | | | localhost | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | | localhost | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
flush privileges命令刷新一下权限才能生效mysql> UPDATE user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('newpassword') WHERE user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql>
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
history命令可以看到，所以不太推荐[root@iZ2864f6btwZ ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 'newpassword'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
结尾：
至此，MySQL 5.7.19 编译安装及配置已经全部完成，有疑问的朋友可以给我留言，若有毛病，欢迎指正。
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