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A linked list consists of a series of structures, which are not necessarily adjacent in memory. We assume that each structure contains an integer key and a Next pointer to the next structure. Now given a linked list, you are supposed to sort the structures

To store English words, one method is to use linked lists and store a word letter by letter. To save some space, we may let the words share the same sublist if they share the same suffix. For example, loading and being are stored as showed in Figure 1.fig

Given a constant K and a singly linked list L, you are supposed to reverse the links of every K elements on L. For example, given L being 1→2→3→4→5→6, if K=3, then you must output 3→2→1→6→5→4; if K=4, you must output 4→3→2→1→5→6.Input Specification:Each

Mice and Rice is the name of a programming contest in which each programmer must write a piece of code to control the movements of a mouse in a given map. The goal of each mouse is to eat as much rice as possible in order to become a FatMouse.First the pl

Given a stack which can keep M numbers at most. Push N numbers in the order of 1, 2, 3, ..., N and pop randomly. You are supposed to tell if a given sequence of numbers is a possible pop sequence of the stack. For example, if M is 5 and N is 7, we can obta

Scientific notation is the way that scientists easily handle very large numbers or very small numbers. The notation matches the regular expression [+-][1-9].[0-9]+E[+-][0-9]+ which means that the integer portion has exactly one digit, there is at least one

If you are a fan of Harry Potter, you would know the world of magic has its own currency system – as Hagrid explained it to Harry, “Seventeen silver Sickles to a Galleon and twenty-nine Knuts to a Sickle, it’s easy enough.” Your job is to write a program t

People in Mars represent the colors in their computers in a similar way as the Earth people. That is, a color is represented by a 6-digit number, where the first 2 digits are for Red, the middle 2 digits for Green, and the last 2 digits for Blue. The only

A number that will be the same when it is written forwards or backwards is known as a Palindromic Number. For example, 1234321 is a palindromic number. All single digit numbers are palindromic numbers.Although palindromic numbers are most often considered

Given any string of N (≥5) characters, you are asked to form the characters into the shape of U. For example, helloworld can be printed as:h de ll rlowoThat is, the characters must be printed in the original order, starting top-down from the left

This time you are asked to tell the difference between the lowest grade of all the male students and the highest grade of all the female students.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. Each case contains a positive integer N, followe

At the beginning of every day, the first person who signs in the computer room will unlock the door, and the last one who signs out will lock the door. Given the records of signing in’s and out’s, you are supposed to find the ones who have unlocked and loc

With the 2010 FIFA World Cup running, football fans the world over were becoming increasingly excited as the best players from the best teams doing battles for the World Cup trophy in South Africa. Similarly, football betting fans were putting their money

This time, you are supposed to find A+B where A and B are two polynomials.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. Each case occupies 2 lines, and each line contains the information of a polynomial:K N ​1 ​​ a ​N ​1 ​​ ​​ N ​2 ​​ a ​N

This time, you are supposed to find A×B where A and B are two polynomials.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. Each case occupies 2 lines, and each line contains the information of a polynomial:K N ​1 ​​ a ​N ​1 ​​ ​​ N ​2 ​​ a ​N

Given three integers A, B and C in [−2^​63, 2^63], you are supposed to tell whether A+B>C.Input Specification:The first line of the input gives the positive number of test cases, T (≤10). Then T test cases follow, each consists of a single line contai

The task is really simple: given N exits on a highway which forms a simple cycle, you are supposed to tell the shortest distance between any pair of exits.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains

Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards. Because standard shuffling techniques are seen as weak, and in order to avoid “inside jobs” where employees collaborate with gamblers by performing inadequate shuffles, many casinos employ

If a machine can save only 3 significant digits, the float numbers 12300 and 12358.9 are considered equal since they are both saved as 0.123×10​5​​ with simple chopping. Now given the number of sig...

Given two sets of integers, the similarity of the sets is defined to be N​c/N​t×100%, where Nc is the number of distinct common numbers shared by the two sets, and Nt is the total number of distinct n...

Zhejiang University has 40,000 students and provides 2,500 courses. Now given the registered course list of each student, you are supposed to output the student name lists of all the courses.Input Sp...

Zhejiang University has 40000 students and provides 2500 courses. Now given the student name lists of all the courses, you are supposed to output the registered course list for each student who comes ...

The basic task is simple: given N real numbers, you are supposed to calculate their average. But what makes it complicated is that some of the input numbers might not be legal. A legal input is a real...

The Japanese language is notorious for its sentence ending particles. Personal preference of such particles can be considered as a reflection of the speaker’s personality. Such a preference is called ...

Scientific notation is the way that scientists easily handle very large numbers or very small numbers. The notation matches the regular expression [±][1-9].[0-9]+E[±][0-9]+ which means that the intege...

Sherlock Holmes received a note with some strange strings: Let’s date! 3485djDkxh4hhGE 2984akDfkkkkggEdsb s&hgsfdk d&Hyscvnm. It took him only a minute to figure out that those strange strings...

To prepare for PAT, the judge sometimes has to generate random passwords for the users. The problem is that there are always some confusing passwords since it is hard to distinguish 1 (one) from l (L ...

Given a non-negative integer N, your task is to compute the sum of all the digits of N, and output every digit of the sum in English.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. Each ...

Calculate a+b and output the sum in standard format – that is, the digits must be separated into groups of three by commas (unless there are less than four digits).Input Specification:Each input fil...

Programming Ability Test (PAT) is organized by the College of Computer Science and Technology of Zhejiang University. Each test is supposed to run simultaneously in several places, and the ranklists w...