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Mike wants to prepare for IMO but he doesn't know geometry, so his teacher gave him an interesting geometry problem. Let's definef([l, r]) = r - l + 1 to be the number of integer points in the segme

Problem DescriptionGive you a sequence and ask you the kth big number of a inteval. InputThe first line is the number of the test cases. For each test case, the first line contain

All our characters have hobbies. The same is true for Fedor. He enjoys shopping in the neighboring supermarket.The goods in the supermarket have unique integer ids. Also, for every integer there i

You are given a tree with N nodes. The tree nodes are numbered from 1 to N. Each node has an integer weight.We will ask you to perform the following operation:u v : ask for how many different in

The capital of Berland looks like a rectangle of size n × m of the square blocks of same size.Fire!It is known that k + 1 blocks got caught on fire (k + 1 ≤ n·m). Those blocks are centers of ignit