git学习-管理修改

（https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/896043488029600/897884457270432）

第一步，对readme.txt做一个修改，比如加一行内容：

$ cat readme.txt
Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes.

然后，添加：

$ git add readme.txt
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
#       modified:   readme.txt
#

然后，再修改readme.txt：

$ cat readme.txt 
Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes of files.

提交：

$ git commit -m "git tracks changes"
[master 519219b] git tracks changes
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

提交后，再看看状态：

$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

	modified:   readme.txt

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

咦，怎么第二次的修改没有被提交？

别激动，我们回顾一下操作过程：

第一次修改 -> git add -> 第二次修改 -> git commit

你看，我们前面讲了，Git管理的是修改，当你用git add命令后，在工作区的第一次修改被放入暂存区，准备提交，但是，在工作区的第二次修改并没有放入暂存区，所以，git commit只负责把暂存区的修改提交了，也就是第一次的修改被提交了，第二次的修改不会被提交。

提交后，用git diff HEAD -- readme.txt命令可以查看工作区和版本库里面最新版本的区别：

$ git diff HEAD -- readme.txt 
diff --git a/readme.txt b/readme.txt
index 76d770f..a9c5755 100644
--- a/readme.txt
+++ b/readme.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 Git is a distributed version control system.
 Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
 Git has a mutable index called stage.
-Git tracks changes.
+Git tracks changes of files.

可见，第二次修改确实没有被提交。