建造者模式的定义将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示(DP)。《大话设计模式》举了一个很好的例子——建造小人,一共需建造6个部分,头部、身体、左右手、左右脚。与工厂模式不同,建造者模式是在导向者的控制下一步一步构造产品的。建造小人就是在控制下一步步构造出来的。创建者模式可以能更精细的控制构建过程,从而能更精细的控制所得产品的内部结构。下面给出建造者模式的UML图,以建造小人为实例。
- class Builder
- {
- public:
- virtual void BuildHead() {}
- virtual void BuildBody() {}
- virtual void BuildLeftArm(){}
- virtual void BuildRightArm() {}
- virtual void BuildLeftLeg() {}
- virtual void BuildRightLeg() {}
- };
- //构造瘦人
- class ThinBuilder : public Builder
- {
- public:
- void BuildHead() { cout<<"build thin body"<<endl; }
- void BuildBody() { cout<<"build thin head"<<endl; }
- void BuildLeftArm() { cout<<"build thin leftarm"<<endl; }
- void BuildRightArm() { cout<<"build thin rightarm"<<endl; }
- void BuildLeftLeg() { cout<<"build thin leftleg"<<endl; }
- void BuildRightLeg() { cout<<"build thin rightleg"<<endl; }
- };
- //构造胖人
- class FatBuilder : public Builder
- {
- public:
- void BuildHead() { cout<<"build fat body"<<endl; }
- void BuildBody() { cout<<"build fat head"<<endl; }
- void BuildLeftArm() { cout<<"build fat leftarm"<<endl; }
- void BuildRightArm() { cout<<"build fat rightarm"<<endl; }
- void BuildLeftLeg() { cout<<"build fat leftleg"<<endl; }
- void BuildRightLeg() { cout<<"build fat rightleg"<<endl; }
- };
- //构造的指挥官
- class Director
- {
- private:
- Builder *m_pBuilder;
- public:
- Director(Builder *builder) { m_pBuilder = builder; }
- void Create(){
- m_pBuilder->BuildHead();
- m_pBuilder->BuildBody();
- m_pBuilder->BuildLeftArm();
- m_pBuilder->BuildRightArm();
- m_pBuilder->BuildLeftLeg();
- m_pBuilder->BuildRightLeg();
- }
- };
客户的使用方式:
- int main()
- {
- FatBuilder thin;
- Director director(&thin);
- director.Create();
- return 0;
- }