Matlab科学图表美化——高质量的立体图

参考：

http://www.falkoschindler.de/pub/2011/08/20-drawing-beautiful-explicite-and-implicite-functions-using-matlab/

http://www.ilovematlab.cn/thread-202593-1-1.html

http://www.mathworks.cn/discovery/gallery.html

这个的效果真的太好了：

代码：

function pie3s( varargin )
%PIE3S: 3-D pie chart with added shininess
%
%   PIE3S(X) draws a 3-D pie plot of the data in the vector X.  The values
%   in X are normalized via X/SUM(X) to determine the area of each slice of
%   pie.  If SUM(X) <= 1.0, the values in X directly specify the area of
%   the pie slices.  Only a partial pie will be drawn if SUM(X) < 1.
%
%   PIE3S(X,PARAM,VALUE,...) allows additional options to be set. PARAM
%   must be one of:
%     'Explode'   Specify which elements of the pie should be pulled out.
%                 The corresponding value must be a vector of ones and
%                 zeros with size equal to X.
%     'Labels'    Specify labels for each pie slice. The corresponding
%                 value must be a cell array of strings with one string
%                 per elemet of X.
%     'Bevel'     Set the bevelling of the 3D surface. The corresponding
%                 value must be one of:
%                  'In':         rounded concave bevel
%                  'Out':        rounded convex bevel [default]
%                  'Flat':       straight bevel
%                  'Step':       straight bevel
%                  'Elliptical': a broad ellipse of a bevel
%                  'None':       no bevel
%
%   PIE3S(AX,...) plots into axes AX instead of GCA.
%
%   Examples:
%   >> pie3s([2 4 3 5],'Explode',[0 1 1 0],'Labels',{'North','South','East','West'})
%
%   >> pie3s([2 4 3 5],'Bevel','In','Explode',[0 1 0 0])
%
%   >> pie3s([2 4 3 5],'Bevel','Elliptical','Explode',[0 0 0 1])
%   >> legend('North','South','East','West')
%
%   See also: PIE, PIE3.

%   Copyright 2009-2010 The MathWorks Inc.
%   $Revision: 40$  
%   $Date: 2010-05-18$


% Check arguments
error( nargchk( 1, inf, nargin ) );

% Strip off the axes if present
if isa( varargin{1}, 'matlab.graphics.axis.Axes' ) ...
        || (isa( varargin{1}, 'double' ) && isscalar( varargin{1} ) ...
        && ishandle( varargin{1} ) ...
        && strcmp( get( varargin{1}, 'Type' ), 'axes' ))
    axh = varargin{1};
    varargin(1) = [];
else
    axh = gca();
end
% We always clear the axes to avoid problems with lighting and shading
cla( axh );


% Get the X vector
if isempty( varargin ) || ~isnumeric( varargin{1} ) || ~all( varargin{1}>0 )
    error( 'PIE3S:BadData', 'Input vector X must be a vector of positive numbers' );
else
    data = varargin{1};
    varargin(1) = [];
end

% Normalise data
if sum( data ) > 1
    data = data / sum( data );
end

% Set some defaults for the optional parameters
bevelType = 'Out';
txtLabels = repmat( {''}, size( data ) );
explode = false( size( data ) );
bite = false( size( data ) );

% Now parse the rest as parameter-value pairs
if ~isempty( varargin );
    params = varargin(1:2:end);
    values = varargin(2:2:end);
    if numel( params ) ~= numel( values )
        error( 'PIE3S:BadSyntax', 'Optional inputs must be specified as parameter, value pairs.' );
    end
    if any( ~cellfun( 'isclass', params, 'char' ) )
        error( 'PIE3S:BadParameter', 'Optional parameter names must be character arrays' );
    end
    for ii=1:numel( params )
        switch upper( params{ii} )
            case 'LABELS'
                txtLabels = values{ii};
                
            case 'BEVEL'
                bevelType = values{ii};
                
            case 'EXPLODE'
                explode = (values{ii} ~= 0);
                
            case 'BITE'
                bite = (values{ii} ~= 0);
                
            otherwise
                error( 'PIE3S:BadOption', 'Optional parameter ''%s'' was not recognized', params{ii} );
        end
    end
end


% Check whether we're over-plotting
bgcol = get( ancestor( axh, 'figure' ), 'Color' );

% OK, let's do some plotting!
theta0 = pi/2;
maxpts = 360;
height = .35;
bevelSize = 0.1;
num_z_levels = 20;

% Set into zbuffer to avoid RGB warnings
set( ancestor( axh, 'figure' ), 'Renderer', 'zbuffer' );

for ii=1:length(data)
    n = max(1,ceil(maxpts*data(ii)));
    myTheta = 2*pi * linspace(0,data(ii),n+1)';
    if bite(ii)
        [r,theta] = takeBite( myTheta );
        theta = theta + theta0;
    else
        r = [0;ones(n+1,1);0];
        thetaMean = mean( myTheta );
        theta = theta0 + [thetaMean;myTheta;thetaMean];
    end
    [xtext,ytext] = pol2cart(theta0 + data(ii)*pi,1.25);
    
    % Create the outer coords
    slice_z = linspace(0,height,num_z_levels);
    xx = zeros( numel( theta ), num_z_levels );
    yy = zeros( size( xx ) );
    zz = zeros( size( xx ) );
    for jj=1:num_z_levels
        [xx(:,jj),yy(:,jj),zz(:,jj)] = iCreateSlice( height, bevelSize, bevelType, theta, r, slice_z(jj) );
    end
    
    if explode(ii)
        [xexplode,yexplode] = pol2cart(theta0 + data(ii)*pi,.1);
        xtext = xtext + xexplode;
        ytext = ytext + yexplode;
        xx = xx + xexplode;
        yy = yy + yexplode;
    end
    theta0 = max(theta);
    if data(ii)<.01,
        lab = '< 1';
    else
        lab = int2str(round(data(ii)*100));
    end
    
    xx0 = xx(1,1)*ones(size(xx,1),1);
    yy0 = yy(1,1)*ones(size(yy,1),1);
    zz0 = zz(1,1)*ones(size(zz,1),1);
    zz1 = zz(1,end)*ones(size(zz,1),1);
    colour = ii*ones( size(xx,1), size(xx,2)+2 );
    
    % Create the patches
    pieSegment = surface( ...
        [xx0,xx,xx0], ...
        [yy0,yy,yy0], ...
        [zz0,zz,zz1], ...
        colour, ...
        'Tag', 'Pie3S:Segment', ...
        'Parent', axh);
    
    % Creat some shadows
    slice = round(num_z_levels/2);
    sx = xx(:,slice);
    sy = yy(:,slice);
    sz = -0.25*ones( size( xx, 1 ), 1 );
    shadows = iAddShadow( axh, sx, sy, sz, bgcol );
    
    % position text so that labels near the front don't overlap the patches
    z = 0.8 * height * ones(size(xtext));
    if ~isempty(txtLabels)
        label = text( xtext, ytext, z, txtLabels{ii}, ...
            'FontSize', 12, ...
            'FontWeight', 'bold', ...
            'HorizontalAlignment','center', ...
            'Parent', axh, ...
            'Clipping', 'off', ...
            'Tag', 'Pie3S:Label' );
    else
        label = text( xtext, ytext, z, [lab,'%'], ...
            'FontSize', 12, ...
            'FontWeight', 'bold', ...
            'HorizontalAlignment','center', ...
            'Parent', axh, ...
            'Clipping', 'off', ...
            'Tag', 'Pie3S:Label' );
    end
end

% Set the lighting etc to get a nice visual effect
maxNum = max( 2, numel( data ) );
set( axh, 'CLim', [1 maxNum] );
axis( axh, 'off', 'image', [-1.2 1.2 -1.2 1.2] )
view( axh, [-30 45] )
lighting( 'phong' )
shading( 'flat' )
camlight( 'left' )
% light( 'Parent', axh, 'Position', [40 40 15], 'Style', 'local' );




%-------------------------------------------------------------------------%
function [x,y,z] = iCreateSlice( height, bevel, type, theta, r, z_in )
%iCreateSlice: calculate the X, Y and Z arrays for a single slice through
%one pie segment. This includes bevelling

assert( isscalar( z_in ) );
assert( z_in>=0 && z_in<=height );
z = z_in*ones(size(theta));

if strcmpi( type, 'Elliptical' )
    % Special case for elliptical
    zRel = (2*z_in - height) / height;
    ratio = (1 - zRel^2);
    [x,y] = pol2cart(theta,ratio*r);
else
    % The others all work the same way, just adding a little decoration
    % near to the egdes
    if z_in>=bevel && z_in<=(height-bevel)
        % On the full size section
        [x,y] = pol2cart(theta,r);
    else
        if z_in>(height-bevel)
            z_in = height-z_in;
        end
        switch upper( type )
            case 'IN'
                ratio = sqrt(bevel^2 - z_in^2);
                
            case 'OUT'
                ratio = bevel - sqrt(bevel^2 - (bevel-z_in)^2);
                
            case 'FLAT'
                ratio = bevel - z_in;
                
            case 'STEP'
                ratio = bevel/2;
                
            case 'NONE'
                ratio = 0;
                
            otherwise
                error( id('BadBevelType'), 'BevelType must be one of: ''none'', ''flat'', ''in'', ''out''' );
        end
        [x,y] = pol2cart(theta,(1-2*ratio)*r);
        [x0,y0] = pol2cart(theta(1),ratio);
        x = x + x0;
        y = y + y0;
    end
    
end



%-------------------------------------------------------------------------%
function patches = iAddShadow( ax, x, y, z, bgcol )
% Create some grey patches below a pie segment

num_patches = 4;
scaling = 1.02;
patches = -1*ones( 1, num_patches );
shade = 0.25;
mid_x = (max( x )+min( x ))/2;
mid_y = (max( y )+min( y ))/2;
% Move the initial shadow in a bit
x = (x-mid_x)/(scaling^2) + mid_x;
y = (y-mid_y)/(scaling^2) + mid_y;
% plot3( mid_x, mid_y, mean(z), 'r+' )
N = numel( x );
for ii=1:num_patches
    
    patches(ii) = patch( ...
        'XData', x, ...
        'YData', y, ...
        'ZData', z, ...
        'FaceVertexCData', repmat(0.7,[N,3]), ...
        'EdgeColor', shade*bgcol, ...
        'AmbientStrength', shade*bgcol(1), ...
        'Tag', 'Pie3S:Shadow', ...
        'Parent', ax);
    
    % Exclude it from the legend
    set(get(get(patches(ii),'Annotation'),'LegendInformation'),'IconDisplayStyle','off');
    
    % Now blur outwards
    shade = 1 - (1-shade)*0.6;
    x = (x-mid_x)*scaling + mid_x;
    y = (y-mid_y)*scaling + mid_y;
    z = z - 0.01;
end


%-------------------------------------------------------------------------%
function [r,theta] = takeBite( theta )
%takeBite: take a bite out of a pie slice
%
%   [r,theta] = takeBite(theta)

% Make bite
r = ones( size( theta ) );

% Create arc
thetaRange = (max(theta)-min(theta));
theta0 = min(theta) + thetaRange/2;
ratio = zeros(numel(theta),1);
if thetaRange > pi/4
    % Too big, so select just the centre pi/4
    startIdx = find( theta0 - theta < pi/8, 1, 'first' );
    endIdx = find( theta - theta0 < pi/8, 1, 'last' );
    thetaRange = theta(endIdx) - theta(startIdx);
else
    startIdx = 1;
    endIdx = numel(theta);
end
biteDepth = 0.7*thetaRange;
numAngles = endIdx - startIdx + 1;
myRatio = linspace( -0.65, 0.65, numAngles )';
myRatio = (1-myRatio.^2);
rBite = biteDepth * myRatio;
rBite = rBite - min(rBite);
ratio(startIdx:endIdx) = rBite;

% Teeth marks
teethDepth = 0.05;
edges = linspace( -1, 1, 7 )';
spacing = mean( diff( edges ) );
positions = linspace( -1, 1, numAngles )';
dists = inf( numel( positions ), 1 );
for ii=1:numel( edges )
    dists = min( dists, abs(positions-edges(ii))/spacing );
end
rTeeth = teethDepth*sqrt(dists);
ratio(startIdx:endIdx) = ratio(startIdx:endIdx) + rTeeth;

% Add zero point
r = [0;r-ratio;0];
theta = [theta0;theta;theta0];

技术点：

cla 清除坐标轴

lighting

shading

camlight

view

后记 ：其实建议二维数据不要做成三维的，因为三维会造成一些错觉：因为透视的关系，有些部分显得大，有些部分显得小。。。