python开发之tkinter

最新推荐文章于 2021-03-25 12:02:19 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-03-25 12:02:19 发布

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文章标签： python tkinter UI

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/ruoyunliufeng/article/details/70306027

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环境：python2.7.6

一、基本窗口

import Tkinter as tk       ##导入

window =tk.Tk()          ##设置窗口

window.title("mywindow")  ##设置窗口名字

window.geometry('200x100') ##设置窗口大小

二、标签tk.Label

l = tk.Label(window                     ##每个标签自动继承window
             ##,text = "OMG! this is TK"
             ,textvariable=var          ##标签中的内容
             ,bg = "green"             ##标签背景颜色
             ,font=("Arial",12)          ##标签字体
             ,width= 15               ##标签长度
             ,height = 2)              ## 标签高度

l.pack()                               ##显示标签，pack是一种放置方式

三、按钮tk.Button

def hit_me():
    global on_hit           ##全局变量定义hit
    if on_hit == False:
        on_hit = True
        print("in ")
        var.set("you hit me")
    else:
        on_hit = False
        var.set(" ")


b = tk.Button(window,
text = "hit me",    ##按钮上面的字
width = 15,       ##按钮的宽度
           height= 2,        ##按钮的高度
command = hit_me)##按下去以后触发的函数

b.pack()

示例：

四、输入框tk.Entry

# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

 

import Tkinter as tk

 

window = tk.Tk()

window.title("my window")

window.geometry('200x200')

 

e = tk.Entry(window,show="*")  #show ="*" 显示* ，show= None 显示写入值

e.pack()

 

def insert_point():

   var = e.get()           ##得到输入字符

   t.insert("insert",var) ##插入到光标位置

 

def insert_end():

   var = e.get()

   t.insert(1.1,var)     ##插入到尾部“end”,插入1.1（1行1列）

 

b1 = tk.Button(window,text ="insert_point",width = 15,

              height= 2,command = insert_point)

b1.pack()

 

b2 = tk.Button(window,text ="insert_end",width = 15,

              height= 2,command = insert_end)

b2.pack()

 

t = tk.Text(window,height= 2)

t.pack()

window.mainloop()

示例：

五、列表tk.Listbox

# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

import Tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()

window.title("my window")

window.geometry('200x200')

 

var1 = tk.StringVar()

 

l =tk.Label(window,bg="yellow",width=4,textvariable = var1)

l.pack()

 

#获取列表的值，并把它放到标签中

def print_selection():

   value = lb.get(lb.curselection())    

   var1.set(value)

 

b1 = tk.Button(window,text ="print_selection",width = 15,

              height= 2,command =print_selection)

b1.pack()

 

var2 = tk.StringVar()      

var2.set((11,22,33,44))        ##设置列表值

 

lb = tk.Listbox(window,listvariable= var2)

list_items = [1,2,3,4]

for item in list_items:         ##循环列表插入

   lb.insert("end",item)

 

lb.insert(1,"first")       ##列表插入

lb.insert(2,"second")     

lb.delete(2)               ##列表删除

 

lb.pack()

 

 

window.mainloop()

示例：

六、单选按钮

# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

 

import Tkinter as tk

 

window = tk.Tk()

window.title("my window")

window.geometry('400x400')

 

var = tk.StringVar()

 

l =tk.Label(window,bg="yellow",width=20,text = "empty")

l.pack()

 

#单选按钮的值加到标签上

def print_selection():

   l.config(text= "you have selected " + var.get())

   

 

r1 = tk.Radiobutton(window,text="OptionA",    #设置单选按钮

                    variable =var,

                    value = "A",

                    command = print_selection)

r1.pack()

 

r2 =tk.Radiobutton(window,text="OptionB",

                    variable =var,

                    value = "B",

                    command = print_selection)

r2.pack()

 

r3 =tk.Radiobutton(window,text="OptionC",

                    variable =var,

                    value = "C",

                    command = print_selection)

r3.pack()

 

window.mainloop()

示例：

七、比尺tk.Scale

# -*-coding: utf8 -*-

 

importTkinter as tk

 

window =tk.Tk()

window.title("mywindow")

window.geometry('400x400')

 

 

 

l =tk.Label(window,bg="yellow",width=20,text = "empty")

l.pack()

 

defprint_selection(v):

    l.config(text= "you have selected" + v)

   

s =tk.Scale(window,

             label = "try me",  ##名字

             from_= 5,          ##取值范围：开始

             to = 11,           ##取值范围：结束

             orient = tk.HORIZONTAL,##横向的

             length = 200,          ##长度

             showvalue = 0,         ##移动的时候显示数值

             tickinterval = 3,      ##标签的单位长度(相隔几个显示)

             resolution = 0.01, ##保留几位小数

             command = print_selection

             )

 

s.pack()

window.mainloop()

示例：

八、多选按钮

# -*-coding: utf8 -*-

importTkinter as tk

 

window =tk.Tk()

window.title("mywindow")

window.geometry('400x400')

 

 

 

l =tk.Label(window,bg="yellow",width=20,text = "empty")

l.pack()

 

defprint_selection():

    if (var1.get() ==1)&(var2.get() ==0):

        l.config(text="I love onlyPython")

    elif(var1.get() ==0)&(var2.get() ==1):

        l.config(text="I love onlyC++")

    elif(var1.get() ==0)&(var2.get() ==0):

        l.config(text="I do not loveeither")

    else:

        l.config(text="I love both")

 

var1 =tk.IntVar()

var2 =tk.IntVar()

 

c1 =tk.Checkbutton(window,text= "Python",

                    variable = var1,

                    onvalue = 1,       ##选中为1

                    offvalue = 0,      ##未选中为0

                    command = print_selection)

 

c2 =tk.Checkbutton(window,text= "C++",

                    variable = var2,

                    onvalue = 1,

                    offvalue = 0,

                    command = print_selection)

 

c1.pack()

c2.pack()

window.mainloop()

示例：

九、画布tk.Canvas

# -*-coding: utf8 -*-

 

importTkinter as tk

 

window =tk.Tk()

window.title("mywindow")

window.geometry('400x400')

 

 

canvas =tk.Canvas(window,bg="blue",

                   height= 100,

                   width = 200)

 

x0,y0,x1,y1= 50,50,80,80

line =canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x1,y1)

oval =canvas.create_oval(x0,y0,x1,y1,fill ='red')

arc  =canvas.create_arc(x0+30,y0+30,x1+30,y1+30,start = 0,extent= 180)

rect =canvas.create_rectangle(100,30,100+20,30+20)

 

 

canvas.pack()

 

defmoveit():

    canvas.move(rect,0,2)

 

b =tk.Button(window,text="move",command = moveit).pack()

 

window.mainloop()

示例：

十、下拉菜单tk.Menu

# -*-coding: utf8 -*-

 

importTkinter as tk

 

window =tk.Tk()

window.title("mywindow")

window.geometry('200x200')

 

l =tk.Label(window,text="",bg="yellow")

l.pack()

counter= 0

defdo_job():

    global counter

    l.config(text = "do" +str(counter))

 

    counter+= 1

 

menubar= tk.Menu(window)                 #一级菜单

filemenu= tk.Menu(menubar,tearoff = 0)

menubar.add_cascade(label="file",menu = filemenu) #二级菜单

filemenu.add_command(label= "NEW",command= do_job)

filemenu.add_command(label= "Open",command= do_job)

filemenu.add_command(label= "Save",command= do_job)

filemenu.add_separator()      #加一个分割线

filemenu.add_command(label= "Exit",command= window.quit)

 

submenubar= tk.Menu(filemenu)

filemenu.add_cascade(label="Import",menu=submenubar,underline= 0 )  #三级菜单

submenubar.add_command(label="Submenul",command=do_job)

 

editmenubar= tk.Menu(window)

menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit",menu = editmenubar)

editmenubar.add_command(label= "Cut",command= do_job)

editmenubar.add_command(label= "Copy",command= do_job)

editmenubar.add_command(label= "Paste",command= do_job)

 

window.config(menu= menubar)

 

window.mainloop()

示例：

十一、框架布局tk.Frame

# -*-coding: utf8 -*-

 

importTkinter as tk

 

window =tk.Tk()

window.title("mywindow")

window.geometry('200x200')

 

tk.Label(window,text="onthe window").pack()

 

frm =tk.Frame(window)

frm.pack()

 

frm_l = tk.Frame(frm)

frm_r =tk.Frame(frm)

 

frm_l.pack(side= "left")

frm_r.pack(side= "right")

 

 

tk.Label(frm_l,text="onthe frm_l1").pack()

tk.Label(frm_l,text="onthe frm_l2").pack()

 

tk.Label(frm_r,text="onthe frm_r1").pack()

 

 

window.mainloop()

示例：

十二、弹窗tkMessageBox.showinfo（py2和py3方式略有不同）

# -*-coding: utf8 -*-

 

importTkinter as tk

importtkMessageBox

 

window =tk.Tk()

window.title("mywindow")

window.geometry('200x200')

 

defhit_me():

   ##tk.messagebox.showinfo(title="Hi",message="hahaha")   #py3

   ##tk.messagebox.showwarrning(title="Hi",message="nonono")

    tkMessageBox.showinfo(title='aaa', message= "abc")     #py2

   

tk.Button(window,text="hitme",command= hit_me).pack()

 

 

window.mainloop()

示例：

十三、三种放置方式（pack、grid、place）

# -*-coding: utf8 -*-

 

importTkinter as tk

 

window =tk.Tk()

window.title("mywindow")

window.geometry('200x200')

 

##pack

#tk.Label(window,text=1).pack(side="top")

#tk.Label(window,text=1).pack(side="bottom")

#tk.Label(window,text=1).pack(side="left")

#tk.Label(window,text=1).pack(side="right")

 

##grid

#for iin range(4):

#    for j in range(3):

#        tk.Label(window,text= 1).grid(row=i,column= j,padx = 10,pady = 10)

 

#place

tk.Label(window,text=1).place(x= 10,y= 100,anchor="nw")

 

window.mainloop()

示例：

参考：https://morvanzhou.github.io/