C2:Run With TensorFlow

本文通过使用TensorFlow框架实现了一个手写数字识别的深度学习模型。从数据准备到模型训练,详细介绍了如何利用softmax函数进行多分类任务,并评估了模型在MNIST数据集上的准确率。

HelloWorld

h = tf.constant("Hello")
w = tf.constant(" World!")
hw = h + w
with tf.Session() as sess:
    ans = sess.run(hw)
print(ans)

softmax

DATA_DIR = '/tmp/data'
NUM_STEPS = 1000
MINIBATCH_SIZE = 100
data = input_data.read_data_sets(DATA_DIR, one_hot=True)
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])
W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784, 10]))
y_true = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])
y_pred = tf.matmul(x, W)
cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
    logits=y_pred, labels=y_true))
gd_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.5).minimize(cross_entropy)
correct_mask = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_pred, 1), tf.argmax(y_true, 1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_mask, tf.float32))
with tf.Session() as sess:
    # Train
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
    for _ in range(NUM_STEPS):
        batch_xs, batch_ys = data.train.next_batch(MINIBATCH_SIZE)
        sess.run(gd_step, feed_dict={x: batch_xs, y_true: batch_ys})
    # Test
    ans = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: data.test.images, y_true: data.test.labels})
print("Accuracy: {:.4}%".format(ans*100))

 

### 光流法C++源代码解析与应用 #### 光流法原理 光流法是一种在计算机视觉领域中用于追踪视频序列中运动物体的方法。它基于亮度不变性假设,即场景中的点在时间上保持相同的灰度值,从而通过分析连续帧之间的像素变化来估计运动方向和速度。在数学上,光流场可以表示为像素位置和时间的一阶导数,即Ex、Ey(空间梯度)和Et(时间梯度),它们共同构成光流方程的基础。 #### C++实现细节 在给定的C++源代码片段中,`calculate`函数负责计算光流场。该函数接收一个图像缓冲区`buf`作为输入,并初始化了几个关键变量:`Ex`、`Ey`和`Et`分别代表沿x轴、y轴和时间轴的像素强度变化;`gray1`和`gray2`用于存储当前帧和前一帧的平均灰度值;`u`则表示计算出的光流矢量大小。 #### 图像处理流程 1. **初始化和预处理**:`memset`函数被用来清零`opticalflow`数组,它将保存计算出的光流数据。同时,`output`数组被填充为白色,这通常用于可视化结果。 2. **灰度计算**:对每一像素点进行处理,计算其灰度值。这里采用的是RGB通道平均值的计算方法,将每个像素的R、G、B值相加后除以3,得到一个近似灰度值。此步骤确保了计算过程的鲁棒性和效率。 3. **光流向量计算**:通过比较当前帧和前一帧的灰度值,计算出每个像素点的Ex、Ey和Et值。这里值得注意的是,光流向量的大小`u`是通过`Et`除以`sqrt(Ex^2 + Ey^2)`得到的,再乘以10进行量化处理,以减少计算复杂度。 4. **结果存储与阈值处理**:计算出的光流值被存储在`opticalflow`数组中。如果`u`的绝对值超过10,则认为该点存在显著运动,因此在`output`数组中将对应位置标记为黑色,形成运动区域的可视化效果。 5. **状态更新**:通过`memcpy`函数将当前帧复制到`prevframe`中,为下一次迭代做准备。 #### 扩展应用:Lukas-Kanade算法 除了上述基础的光流计算外,代码还提到了Lukas-Kanade算法的应用。这是一种更高级的光流计算方法,能够提供更精确的运动估计。在`ImgOpticalFlow`函数中,通过调用`cvCalcOpticalFlowLK`函数实现了这一算法,该函数接受前一帧和当前帧的灰度图,以及窗口大小等参数,返回像素级别的光流场信息。 在实际应用中,光流法常用于目标跟踪、运动检测、视频压缩等领域。通过深入理解和优化光流算法,可以进一步提升视频分析的准确性和实时性能。 光流法及其C++实现是计算机视觉领域的一个重要组成部分,通过对连续帧间像素变化的精细分析,能够有效捕捉和理解动态场景中的运动信息
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mdurl~=0.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages (from markdown-it-py>=2.2.0->rich->keras>=3.5.0->tensorflow) (0.1.2) DEPRECATION: pytorch-lightning 1.7.7 has a non-standard dependency specifier torch>=1.9.*. pip 24.0 will enforce this behaviour change. A possible replacement is to upgrade to a newer version of pytorch-lightning or contact the author to suggest that they release a version with a conforming dependency specifiers. Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/12063 Installing collected packages: namex, libclang, tensorflow-io-gcs-filesystem, optree, opt-einsum, ml-dtypes, google-pasta, gast, astunparse, keras, tensorflow Successfully installed astunparse-1.6.3 gast-0.6.0 google-pasta-0.2.0 keras-3.10.0 libclang-18.1.1 ml-dtypes-0.5.1 namex-0.1.0 opt-einsum-3.4.0 optree-0.16.0 tensorflow-2.19.0 tensorflow-io-gcs-filesystem-0.37.1 WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv [notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.3.2 -> 25.1.1 [notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.
06-22
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