Spring MVC

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-10 20:06:33 发布

zhangjunjie1993

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-10 20:06:33 发布

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分类专栏： Spring 文章标签： spring mvc

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/wust__wangfan/article/details/51874270

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SpingMVC 是一个MVC框架，通过实现MVC很好的将数据、业务、展现进行分离

一、MVC架构

二、Spring MVC架构

架构流程：

1、用户发送请求至前端控制器DispatcherServlet

2、 DispatcherServlet收到请求调用HandlerMapping处理器映射器。

3、处理器映射器根据请求url找到具体的处理器，生成处理器对象及处理器拦截器(如果有则生成)一并返回给DispatcherServlet。

4、 DispatcherServlet通过HandlerAdapter处理器适配器调用处理器

5、执行处理器(Controller，也叫后端控制器)。

6、 Controller执行完成返回ModelAndView

7、 HandlerAdapter将controller执行结果ModelAndView返回给DispatcherServlet

8、 DispatcherServlet将ModelAndView传给ViewReslover视图解析器

9、 ViewReslover解析后返回具体View

10、 DispatcherServlet对View进行渲染视图（即将模型数据填充至视图中）。

11、 DispatcherServlet响应用户

三、入门例子

1、创建工程，拷贝SpringMVC相关的jar包

2、配置web.xml，配置中央控制器DispatherServlet

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc01</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc01</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

3、在创建springmvc配置文件,配置映射器，视图解析器

	<!-- handler-->
    <bean name="/hello.do" class="com.wangfan.spingmvc01.HelloController"></bean>
	<!-- 映射器 -->
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerBeanNameHandlerMapping"></bean>
	<!-- 适配器 -->

	<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<!-- 前缀 -->
		<property name="prefix" value="/view/"></property>
		<!-- 后缀 -->
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>

4、创建首页

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="hello.do" method="post">
		hello:<input type="text" name="hello" /> <input type="submit"
			value="提交" />
	</form>
</body>
</html>

5、创建controller继承AbstractController,重写handleRequestInternal

package com.wangfan.spingmvc01;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloController extends AbstractController {

    @Override
    protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        String hello=request.getParameter("hello");
        System.out.println("----:"+hello);
        
        ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView("index");
        mav.addObject("helloworld", "hello"+hello);
        return mav;
    }

}

6、创建需要发现请求的JSP页面

/view目录下

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>${helloworld}</h1>
</body>
</html>

四、映射器三种方式

	<bean id="userController" name="/user.do"
		class="com.wangfan.springmvc03.UserController"></bean>
	<!-- 配置映射器HandlerMapping -->
	<!-- 第一种方式：根据beanname找到对应的controller -->
	<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerBeanNameHandlerMapping"></bean> -->
	<!-- 第二种方式：根据简单URL来找到对应的controller -->
	<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> 
		<property name="mappings"> 
		    <props> 
		       <prop key="/userInfo.do">userController</prop> 
		   </props> 
		</property>
     </bean> -->
	<!-- 第三种方式：控制类的类名访问找到对应的controller ,访问时首字母需要小些 -->
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping"></bean>
	<bean class="com.wangfan.springmvc03.UserController"></bean>

五、注解方式

1、首页

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<a href="user/list.do">查询</a><br>
	<a href="user/add.do">添加</a><br>
	<a href="user/update.do">修改</a><br>
</body>
</html>

2、增添查改页面

user_add.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h1>添加用户信息</h1>
</body>
</html>

3、web.xml配置、Springmvc.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>springmvc04</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc04</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc04</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd ">
    <!--  spring注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <!-- 扫描器 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wangfan.springmvc04"></context:component-scan>

	<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<!-- 前缀 -->
		<property name="prefix" value="/view/"></property>
		<!-- 后缀 -->
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

4、controller处理

package com.wangfan.springmvc04;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")//User Controller模块
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/list.do") // 默认post和get方式都行
    public String list() {
        System.out.println("----查询用户信息-----");
        return "userinfo/user_list";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/add.do")
    public String add(){
        System.out.println("----添加用户信息-----");
        return "userinfo/user_add";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/update.do")
    public String update(){
        System.out.println("----修改用户信息-----");
        return "userinfo/user_update";
    }
}

六、Spring结合Ajax以Json格式传递数据

前端：