java模拟cookie登陆操作

本文介绍了如何使用Java进行模拟登录,并通过记录和发送Cookie信息实现对受权限控制URL的访问。具体步骤包括设置URLConnection为输出模式、发送POST请求、获取并保存Cookie,最后在后续请求中发送Cookie。

在使用Java访问URL时,如果该URL需要身份验证,那么就不能够直接访问,因为没有登陆。那么,如何解决这个问题呢?

  方法是使用java模拟登陆,登陆后记录下cookie信息,在下次发起请求时时将cookie发送过去用以表明身份,这样就能够访问带有权限的URL了。

  下面首先介绍使用java模拟登陆。
 // 连接地址(通过阅读html源代码获得,即为登陆表单提交的URL)  
String surl = "http://login.goodjobs.cn/index.<a href="http://lib.youkuaiyun.com/base/php" class='replace_word' title="PHP知识库" target='_blank' style='color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;'>PHP</a>/action/UserLogin";  

/** 
 * 首先要和URL下的URLConnection对话。 URLConnection可以很容易的从URL得到。比如: // Using 
 * java<a href="http://lib.youkuaiyun.com/base/dotnet" class='replace_word' title=".NET知识库" target='_blank' style='color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;'>.NET</a>.URL and //java<a href="http://lib.youkuaiyun.com/base/dotnet" class='replace_word' title=".NET知识库" target='_blank' style='color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;'>.net</a>.URLConnection 
 */  
URL url = new URL(surl);  
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();  

/** 
 * 然后把连接设为输出模式。URLConnection通常作为输入来使用,比如下载一个Web页。 
 * 通过把URLConnection设为输出,你可以把数据向你个Web页传送。下面是如何做: 
 */  
connection.setDoOutput(true);  
/** 
 * 最后,为了得到OutputStream,简单起见,把它约束在Writer并且放入POST信息中,例如: ... 
 */  
OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(connection  
        .getOutputStream(), "GBK");  
              //其中的memberName和password也是阅读html代码得知的,即为表单中对应的参数名称  
out.write("memberName=myMemberName&password=myPassword"); // post的关键所在!  
// remember to clean up  
out.flush();  
out.close();  

// 取得cookie,相当于记录了身份,供下次访问时使用  
String cookieVal = connection.getHeaderField("Set-Cookie");  

登陆成功后,即可访问其他URL了。

           String s = "http://user.goodjobs.cn/dispatcher.<a href="http://lib.youkuaiyun.com/base/php" class='replace_word' title="PHP知识库" target='_blank' style='color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;'>php</a>/module/Resume/action/Preview";  
//重新打开一个连接  
              url = new URL(s);  
HttpURLConnection resumeConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url  
        .openConnection();  
if (cookieVal != null) {  
                      //发送cookie信息上去,以表明自己的身份,否则会被认为没有权限  
    resumeConnection.setRequestProperty("Cookie", cookieVal);  
}  
resumeConnection.connect();  
InputStream urlStream = resumeConnection.getInputStream();  
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(  
        new InputStreamReader(urlStream));  
String ss = null;  
String total = "";  
while ((ss = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {  
    total += ss;  
}  
IOUtils.write(total, new FileOutputStream("d:/index.html"));  
bufferedReader.close();  

通过上述方式,就能访问带有权限控制的URL了。思路即为:模拟登陆,取得cookie以记录身份,下次请求时发送cookie以表明身份。

以下是一个使用Java模拟登陆的示例代码: ```java import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class LoginDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String loginUrl = "http://example.com/login"; String username = "your_username"; String password = "your_password"; // Create a new URL object URL url = new URL(loginUrl); // Create a new HttpURLConnection object HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // Set the request method to POST connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // Set the request headers connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0"); connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5"); // Set the request parameters String params = "username=" + URLEncoder.encode(username, "UTF-8") + "&password=" + URLEncoder.encode(password, "UTF-8"); connection.setDoOutput(true); connection.getOutputStream().write(params.getBytes("UTF-8")); // Send the request int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode(); if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { // Read the response BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream())); String inputLine; StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer(); while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) { response.append(inputLine); } in.close(); // Print the response System.out.println(response.toString()); // Get the cookies from the response headers Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = connection.getHeaderFields(); List<String> cookiesHeader = headerFields.get("Set-Cookie"); if (cookiesHeader != null) { // Parse the cookies and store them in a CookieManager object java.net.CookieManager cookieManager = new java.net.CookieManager(); for (String cookie : cookiesHeader) { cookieManager.getCookieStore().add(null, HttpCookie.parse(cookie).get(0)); } // Use the CookieManager to send subsequent requests with the cookies URL newUrl = new URL("http://example.com/protected_page"); HttpURLConnection newConnection = (HttpURLConnection) newUrl.openConnection(); cookieManager.getCookieStore().getCookies().forEach(c -> newConnection.addRequestProperty("Cookie", c.toString())); int newResponseCode = newConnection.getResponseCode(); if (newResponseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { // Read the response BufferedReader newIn = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(newConnection.getInputStream())); String newInputLine; StringBuffer newResponse = new StringBuffer(); while ((newInputLine = newIn.readLine()) != null) { newResponse.append(newInputLine); } newIn.close(); // Print the response System.out.println(newResponse.toString()); } else { System.out.println("Failed to fetch protected page"); } } } else { System.out.println("Failed to login"); } } } ``` 此代码将使用POST请求发送用户名和密码到登录页面。如果登录成功,它将获取响应标头中的cookie,并将其存储在CookieManager对象中。然后,它将使用CookieManager对象向受保护的页面发送新请求,并在请求中添加所有cookie。如果此请求成功,它将打印受保护页面的内容。
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