Implement Set using Array.

参考链接：http://faculty.washington.edu/moishe/javademos/ch03%20Code/jss2/ArraySet.java

被Pivotal的面试官给问到了，trick的地方在于remove的那一块，要把最后的元素跟自己remove的元素进行互换，然后count--；还有，自动扩容那块，构造函数需要两个，一个默认的，一个是可以限定side的。然后扩容的时候，阔完了，需要把larger 给contents。这都是容易错的地方，我当时就忘记赋值了。两个地方没有做好，然后就挂掉了。

//********************************************************************
//  ArraySet.java       Author: Lewis/Chase
//
//  Represents an array implementation of a set.
//********************************************************************

package jss2;
import jss2.exceptions.*;
import java.util.*;

public class ArraySet<T> implements SetADT<T>
{
   private static Random rand = new Random();

   private final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 100;
   private final int NOT_FOUND = -1;

   private int count;  // the current number of elements in the set 

   private T[] contents; 

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Creates an empty set using the default capacity.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public ArraySet()
   {
      count = 0;
      contents = (T[])(new Object[DEFAULT_CAPACITY]);
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Creates an empty set using the specified capacity.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public ArraySet (int initialCapacity)
   {
      count = 0;
      contents = (T[])(new Object[initialCapacity]);
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Adds the specified element to the set if it's not already
   //  present. Expands the capacity of the set array if necessary.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public void add (T element)
   {
      if (!(contains(element)))
      {
         if (size() == contents.length) 
            expandCapacity();

         contents[count] = element;
         count++;
      }
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Adds the contents of the parameter to this set.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public void addAll (SetADT<T> set)
   {
      Iterator<T> scan = set.iterator();

      while (scan.hasNext())
         add (scan.next());
   }


   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Removes a random element from the set and returns it. Throws
   //  an EmptySetException if the set is empty.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public T removeRandom() throws EmptySetException
   {
      if (isEmpty())
         throw new EmptySetException();

      int choice = rand.nextInt(count);

      T result = contents[choice];

      contents[choice] = contents[count-1];  // fill the gap
      contents[count-1] = null;
      count--;
 
      return result;
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Removes the specified element from the set and returns it.
   //  Throws an EmptySetException if the set is empty and a
   //  NoSuchElementException if the target is not in the set.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public T remove (T target) throws EmptySetException,
                                     NoSuchElementException
   {
      int search = NOT_FOUND;

      if (isEmpty())
         throw new EmptySetException();

      for (int index=0; index < count && search == NOT_FOUND; index++)
         if (contents[index].equals(target))
            search = index;

      if (search == NOT_FOUND)
         throw new NoSuchElementException();

      T result = contents[search];

      contents[search] = contents[count-1];
      contents[count-1] = null;
      count--;
 
      return result;
   }
   
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Returns a new set that is the union of this set and the
   //  parameter.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public SetADT<T> union (SetADT<T> set)
   {
      ArraySet<T> both = new ArraySet<T>();

      for (int index = 0; index < count; index++)
         both.add (contents[index]);

      Iterator<T> scan = set.iterator();
      while (scan.hasNext())
         both.add (scan.next());

      return both;
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Returns true if this set contains the specified target
   //  element.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public boolean contains (T target)
   {
      int search = NOT_FOUND;

      for (int index=0; index < count && search == NOT_FOUND; index++)
         if (contents[index].equals(target))
            search = index;

      return (search != NOT_FOUND);
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Returns true if this set contains exactly the same elements
   //  as the parameter.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public boolean equals (SetADT<T> set)
   {
      boolean result = false;
      ArraySet<T> temp1 = new ArraySet<T>();
      ArraySet<T> temp2 = new ArraySet<T>();
      T obj;

      if (size() == set.size())
      { 
         temp1.addAll(this);
         temp2.addAll(set);

         Iterator<T> scan = set.iterator();

         while (scan.hasNext())
         {
            obj = scan.next();   
            if (temp1.contains(obj))
            {
               temp1.remove(obj);
               temp2.remove(obj);
            }
		  
         }

        result = (temp1.isEmpty() && temp2.isEmpty());
      }

      return result;
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Returns true if this set is empty and false otherwise. 
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public boolean isEmpty()
   {
      return (count == 0);
   }
 
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Returns the number of elements currently in this set.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public int size()
   {
      return count;
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Returns an iterator for the elements currently in this set.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public Iterator<T> iterator()
   {
      return new ArrayIterator<T> (contents, count);
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Returns a string representation of this set. 
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public String toString()
   {
      String result = "";

      for (int index=0; index < count; index++) 
         result = result + contents[index].toString() + "\n";

      return result;
   }

   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Creates a new array to store the contents of the set with
   //  twice the capacity of the old one.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   private void expandCapacity()
   {
      T[] larger = (T[])(new Object[contents.length*2]);

      for (int index=0; index < contents.length; index++)
         larger[index] = contents[index];

      contents = larger;
   }
}