本文详细介绍了Oracle RMAN工具进行数据库备份的过程，包括完整备份、差异备份和累计备份的执行步骤，以及如何删除备份片段。通过实例展示了不同级别的备份操作及其实现方式。
完整备份0级别备份
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 datafile 4;
启动 backup 于 12-3月 -19
使用通道 ORA_DISK_1
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动增量级别 0 数据文件备份集
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在指定备份集内的数据文件
输入数据文件: 文件号=00004 名称=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\ORADATA\ZHANKY\USERS01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动段 1 于 12-3月 -19
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 已完成段 1 于 12-3月 -19
段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND0_TAG20190312T194140_G8H6QNN2_.BKP 标记=TAG20190312T194140 注释=NONE
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 备份集已完成, 经过时间:00:00:01
完成 backup 于 12-3月 -19
RMAN>
差异备份
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 datafile 4;
启动 backup 于 12-3月 -19
使用通道 ORA_DISK_1
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动增量级别 1 数据文件备份集
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在指定备份集内的数据文件
输入数据文件: 文件号=00004 名称=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\ORADATA\ZHANKY\USERS01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动段 1 于 12-3月 -19
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 已完成段 1 于 12-3月 -19
段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND1_TAG20190312T194202_G8H6RBRV_.BKP 标记=TAG20190312T194202 注释=NONE
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 备份集已完成, 经过时间:00:00:01
完成 backup 于 12-3月 -19
RMAN>
累计备份
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative datafile 4;
启动 backup 于 12-3月 -19
使用通道 ORA_DISK_1
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动增量级别 1 数据文件备份集
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在指定备份集内的数据文件
输入数据文件: 文件号=00004 名称=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\ORADATA\ZHANKY\USERS01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动段 1 于 12-3月 -19
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 已完成段 1 于 12-3月 -19
段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND1_TAG20190312T194314_G8H6TL4T_.BKP 标记=TAG20190312T194314 注释=NONE
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 备份集已完成, 经过时间:00:00:01
完成 backup 于 12-3月 -19
RMAN>
删除备份
RMAN> delete backup;
使用通道 ORA_DISK_1
备份片段列表
BP 关键字 BS 关键字 Pc# Cp# 状态 设备类型段名称
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
1 1 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK E:\TEMP\CS
3 3 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNSNF_TAG20190312T191813_G8H5CO90_.BKP
4 4 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NCNNF_TAG20190312T192115_G8H5KDP2_.BKP
8 8 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG20190312T192719_G8H5WQJB_.BKP
9 9 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_ANNNN_TAG20190312T193043_G8H633K7_.BKP
10 10 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG20190312T193108_G8H63WR8_.BKP
11 11 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NCSNF_TAG20190312T193108_G8H64DS8_.BKP
12 12 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_ANNNN_TAG20190312T193126_G8H64G2G_.BKP
13 13 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG20190312T193812_G8H6K47D_.BKP
14 14 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\AUTOBACKUP\2019_03_12\O1_MF_S_1002742693_G8H6K5VD_.BKP
15 15 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND0_TAG20190312T194007_G8H6NQW7_.BKP
16 16 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\AUTOBACKUP\2019_03_12\O1_MF_S_1002742808_G8H6NSRW_.BKP
17 17 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND0_TAG20190312T194140_G8H6QNN2_.BKP
18 18 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND1_TAG20190312T194202_G8H6RBRV_.BKP
19 19 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND1_TAG20190312T194314_G8H6TL4T_.BKP
是否确定要删除以上对象 (输入 YES 或 NO)? yes
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=E:\TEMP\CS RECID=1 STAMP=1002740936
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNSNF_TAG20190312T191813_G8H5CO90_.BKP RECID=3 STAMP=1002741493
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NCNNF_TAG20190312T192115_G8H5KDP2_.BKP RECID=4 STAMP=1002741676
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG20190312T192719_G8H5WQJB_.BKP RECID=8 STAMP=1002742039
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_ANNNN_TAG20190312T193043_G8H633K7_.BKP RECID=9 STAMP=1002742243
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG20190312T193108_G8H63WR8_.BKP RECID=10 STAMP=1002742268
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NCSNF_TAG20190312T193108_G8H64DS8_.BKP RECID=11 STAMP=1002742284
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_ANNNN_TAG20190312T193126_G8H64G2G_.BKP RECID=12 STAMP=1002742286
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNNDF_TAG20190312T193812_G8H6K47D_.BKP RECID=13 STAMP=1002742692
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\AUTOBACKUP\2019_03_12\O1_MF_S_1002742693_G8H6K5VD_.BKP RECID=14 STAMP=1002742693
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND0_TAG20190312T194007_G8H6NQW7_.BKP RECID=15 STAMP=1002742807
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\AUTOBACKUP\2019_03_12\O1_MF_S_1002742808_G8H6NSRW_.BKP RECID=16 STAMP=1002742809
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND0_TAG20190312T194140_G8H6QNN2_.BKP RECID=17 STAMP=1002742900
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND1_TAG20190312T194202_G8H6RBRV_.BKP RECID=18 STAMP=1002742922
已删除备份片段
备份片段句柄=D:\SOFTWARE\APP\ZHANKY\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ZHANKY\BACKUPSET\2019_03_12\O1_MF_NNND1_TAG20190312T194314_G8H6TL4T_.BKP RECID=19 STAMP=1002742994
15 对象已删除
RMAN>
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