原文链接:http://www.youkuaiyun.com/article/2013-06-03/2815511-html5-api
值得开发者关注的8个HTML5 API
之前,我们曾发布过 你应该知道的HTML5五大特性。下面,再向大家介绍一些非常实用的HTML5 JavaScript API。话说,JavaScript+CSS+HTML一直都是前端开发者的秘密武器,开发者利用它们可以开发出任何想要的东西,比如使用JavaScript访问硬件(摄像头、麦克风、游戏手柄、GPU)、访问文件系统和WebSocket。
1.Battery Status API
电池状态API,顾名思义,该API的主要用途是检查设备(笔记本电脑、手机、平板电脑)的电池状态。
- var battery = navigator.battery || navigator.webkitBattery || navigator.mozBattery
- console.log("Battery charging: ", battery.charging); // true
- console.log("Battery level: ", battery.level); // 0.58
- console.log("Battery discharging time: ", battery.dischargingTime);
- if(Battery.isSupported()) {
- // Get the battery status
- var status = Battery.getStatus();
- console.log('Level: ' + Math.floor(status.level * 100) + '%'); // 30%
- console.log('Charging: ' + status.charging); // true
- console.log('Time until charged: ' + status.chargingTime); // 3600 (seconds) or Infinity
- console.log('Battery time left: ' + status.dischargingTime); // 3600 (seconds) or Infinity
- // Register a handler to get notified when battery status changes
- Battery.onUpdate = function(status) {
- console.log(status); // {level, charging, chargingTime, dischargingTime}
- };
- }
浏览器兼容情况(数字表示最低版本号,减号表示不兼容):
2.Gamepad API
游戏手柄API,该API允许你连接计算机和游戏控制台,使用它来玩网页游戏。
- navigator.gamepads = navigator.webkitGamepads || navigator.MozGamepads;
- var requestAnimationFrame = window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
- window.mozRequestAnimationFrame;
- var cancelAnimationFrame = window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
- window.MozCancelAnimationFrame;
- var controllers = {}; // Stash connected controllers.
- var reqId = null;
- function onConnected(e) {
- controllers[e.gamepad.index] = e.gamepad;
- runAnimation();
- }
- function onDisconnected(e) {
- delete controllers[e.gamepad.index];
- cancelAnimationFrame(reqId);
- }
- window.addEventListener('webkitgamepadconnected', onConnected, false);
- window.addEventListener('webkitgamepaddisconnected', onDisconnected, false);
- window.addEventListener('MozGamepadDisconnected', onDisconnected, false);
- window.addEventListener('MozGamepadConnected', onConnected, false);
浏览器兼容情况:
3.Device Orientation API
设备定位API,该API允许你收集设备的方向和移动信息。此外,该API只在具备陀螺仪功能的设备上使用。
- if (window.DeviceOrientationEvent) {
- window.addEventListener('deviceorientation', function(event) {
- var a = event.alpha,
- b = event.beta,
- g = event.gamma;
- console.log('Orientation - Alpha: ' + a + ', Beta: '+ b + ', Gamma: ' + g);
- }, false);
- } else {
- console.log('This device does not support deviceorientation');
- }
4.Geolocation API
地理定位API,开发者使用该API可以请求用户的位置信息,在网页上分享自己的位置信息等。位置信息由纬度、经度坐标和一些其他元数据组成。
- if (navigator.geolocation) {
- navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {
- var lat = position.coords.latitude,
- lon = position.coords.longitude;
- console.log('Geolocation - Latitude: '+ lat +', Longitude: '+ lon);
- });
- }
- else {
- console.log('Geolocation is not supported for this Browser/OS version yet.');
- }
5.Page Visibility API
页面可见度API,该API向开发者提供了一个监听事件,可以告诉开发者当前用户浏览页面或标签的状态变化。
- document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', function(e) {
- console.log('hidden:' + document.hidden,
- 'state:' + document.visibilityState)
- }, false);
6.Fullscreen API
全屏API,该API可以让开发人员进入到浏览器的全屏模式,用户在使用的时候可以随意启动和取消该模式。这个API特别适合游戏开发者:
- // Find the right method, call on correct element
- function launchFullScreen(element) {
- if(element.requestFullScreen) {
- element.requestFullScreen();
- } else if(element.mozRequestFullScreen) {
- element.mozRequestFullScreen();
- } else if(element.webkitRequestFullScreen) {
- element.webkitRequestFullScreen();
- }
- }
- // Launch fullscreen for browsers that support it!
- launchFullScreen(document.documentElement); // the whole page
- launchFullScreen(document.getElementById("videoElement")); // any individual ele
7.getUserMedia API
这是个非常有趣的API,开发者使用该API可以访问多媒体设备,无需插件,比如笔记本的摄像头(要有用户权限)。与<video>和canvas元素一起使用,还可以在浏览器里面捕获许多漂亮的图片。
- // Put event listeners into place
- window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
- // Grab elements, create settings, etc.
- var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"),
- context = canvas.getContext("2d"),
- video = document.getElementById("video"),
- videoObj = { "video": true },
- errBack = function(error) {
- console.log("Video capture error: ", error.code);
- };
- // Put video listeners into place
- if(navigator.getUserMedia) { // Standard
- navigator.getUserMedia(videoObj, function(stream) {
- video.src = stream;
- video.play();
- }, errBack);
- } else if(navigator.webkitGetUserMedia) { // WebKit-prefixed
- navigator.webkitGetUserMedia(videoObj, function(stream){
- video.src = window.webkitURL.createObjectURL(stream);
- video.play();
- }, errBack);
- }
- }, false);
8.Link Prefetching
链接预取API,该API提供页面预览功能,方便开发者改善用户体验。
- <!-- full page -->
- <link rel="prefetch" href="http://davidwalsh.name/css-enhancements-user-experience" />
- <!-- just an image -->
- <link rel="prefetch" href="http://davidwalsh.name/wp-content/themes/walshbook3/images/sprite.png" />
英文来自:daker.me