-- 在19c中resource里不再包含unlimited tablespace系统权限
SQL> col role format a20
SQL> select * from role_sys_privs where role='RESOURCE';
ROLE PRIVILEGE ADMIN_OPT COMMON INHERITED
-------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
RESOURCE CREATE SEQUENCE NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE PROCEDURE NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE CLUSTER NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE INDEXTYPE NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE OPERATOR NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE TYPE NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE TRIGGER NO YES YES
RESOURCE CREATE TABLE NO YES YES
8 rows selected.
SQL>11g需要注意两点: （在19c中resource里不再包含unlimited tablespace系统权限）
- 在resource角色里包含了unlimited tablesapce 系统权限,意思是不限制用户使用任何 TBS,此权限太大,它包括可以访问 system TBS,在实际应用中一般要将此权限收回,然后再对用户限制 TBS配额(quota).
- sys将resource角色授权给用户,其中有9个系统权限,只有unlimited tablespace可以单独收回(从角色里收回系统权限的特例).
7.3.4 指定用户 TBS及大小
7.3.4.1 创建 TBS
SQL>
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL> drop user pandas cascade;
User dropped.
SQL> create tablespace pandas_tbs datafile '/u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/pandas01.dbf' size 10m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> 7.3.4.2 分配用户 TBS
SQL>
SQL> create user pandas identified by pandas default tablespace pandas_tbs;
User created.
SQL> 7.3.4.3 授权
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> grant connect,resource to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> conn pandas/pandas@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "PANDAS"
SQL> select * from session_privs;
PRIVILEGE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE TABLE
CREATE CLUSTER
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE INDEXTYPE
SET CONTAINER
10 rows selected.
SQL> 7.3.4.4 分配 TBS大小
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL> alter user pandas quota 10m on pandas_tbs;
User altered.
SQL>
7.3.4.5 查看用户 TBS配额:
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select tablespace_name, username, max_bytes from DBA_TS_QUOTAS where username='PANDAS';
TABLESPACE_NAME USERNAME MAX_BYTES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ ----------
PANDAS_TBS PANDAS 10485760
SQL>
7.4 几个有关权限的知识点
7.4.1 sys, system 拥有普通用户的所有对象权限,并有代理授权资格.
7.4.2 系统权限里的any含义
赋予创建任何表的权限
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> grant create any table to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn pandas/pandas@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> create table scott.t100(id int);
Table created.
SQL> 7.4.3 对象权限一般由对象拥有者授予,也可由sys或system代理授予.
7.4.3.1 赋予某用户表的select权限
SQL> show user;
USER is "PANDAS"
SQL>
SQL> select * from scott.t100;
select * from scott.t100
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> grant select on scott.emp to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> 7.4.3.2 可使update对象权限精确到列:
SQL>
SQL> conn scott/tiger@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> grant select,update(sal) on emp to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> 7.4.3.3 只能根据整个表REVOKE而不能根据列REVOKE
SQL>
SQL> show user;
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> revoke update(sal) on emp from pandas;
revoke update(sal) on emp from pandas
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01750: UPDATE/REFERENCES may only be REVOKEd from the whole table, not by column
SQL> show user;
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> revoke update on emp from pandas;
Revoke succeeded.
SQL> 7.4.3.4 授予pandas对scott.emp的所有对象权限
SQL>
SQL> show user;
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> grant all on scott.emp to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> 7.4.4 几个需要注意的地方
-- 1) 系统权限和对象权限语法格式不同,不能混合使用
grant create table,select on emp to pandas -- 错(知识点)
-- 2) 系统权限和角色语法相同可以并列授权
grant connect,create table to pandas -- 对
-- 3) 一条授权语句中可以授权给多个用户
grant connect to klaus,max -- 对
-- 4) 通过授权建立用户,如max用户不存在,
grant connect,resource to max identified by max; -- 对
-- 5) 权限可以赋予给public
-- Roles are named groups of related privileges that can be granted to users or other roles
7.5 系统权限的传递与回收:WITH ADMIN OPTION 选项
7.5.1 建立用户
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> drop user pandas cascade;
User dropped.
SQL> create user pandas identified by pandas;
User created.
SQL> drop user max cascade;
User dropped.
SQL> create user max identified by max;
User created.
SQL> 7.5.2 sys授予pandas系统权限
SQL>
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> grant create session to pandas with admin option;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>
7.5.3 pandas授予权限给max
SQL> conn pandas/pandas@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> grant create session to max;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> 7.5.4 sys收回pandas系统权限
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> revoke create session from pandas;
Revoke succeeded.
SQL> 7.5.5 Max的权限没有收回
SQL> conn max/max@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "MAX"
SQL> 7.6 对象权限的传递与回收:WITH GRANT OPTION 选项
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> grant create session to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> 7.6.1 scott为pandas授权
SQL> conn scott/tiger@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> grant select on emp to pandas with grant option;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>
7.6.2 pandas为max授权
SQL> conn pandas/pandas@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> grant select on scott.emp to max;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> 7.6.3 检查pandas和max都已可以访问scott.emp
SQL> conn pandas/pandas@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "PANDAS"
SQL> set pagesize 200 linesize 200
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ------------------------------ --------------------------- ---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 24-JAN-87 3000 20
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 02-APR-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
7839 KING PRESIDENT 8000 17-NOV-81 5000 0 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> conn max/max@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> set pagesize 200 linesize 200
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ------------------------------ --------------------------- ---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 24-JAN-87 3000 20
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 02-APR-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
7839 KING PRESIDENT 8000 17-NOV-81 5000 0 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> 7.6.4 scott回收pandas对象权限
SQL>
SQL> conn scott/tiger@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> revoke select on emp from pandas;
Revoke succeeded.
SQL>
SQL> 7.6.5 max的对象权限也收回!
# 检查pandas和max都已不能访问scott.emp,
# 权限回收WITH ADMIN OPTION # 覆水难收
WITH GRANT OPTION # 株连九族
7.7 对象权限在存储过程中的使用
scott将存储过程proc1的execute权限赋给klaus,proc1中包含一些klaus没有权限的DML 操作,那么klaus是否你成功地执行存储过程proc1?这个问题涉及到了create procedure时invoker_rights_clause的两个选项:(知识点)
1、AUTHID CURRENT_USER //执行存储过程时,要检查用户是否有DML操作的对象权限.
2、AUTHID DEFINER(默认)
7.7.1 sys给scott建表
SQL>
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> create table scott.a (d1 date);
Table created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to pandas identified by pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> 7.7.2 scott创建存储过程
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> conn scott/tiger@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL>
SQL> create or replace procedure proc1 as
2 begin
3 insert into scott.a values(sysdate);
4 commit;
5 end;
6 /
Procedure created.
SQL> 7.7.3 赋予pandas proc1的execute权限
SQL>
SQL> grant execute on proc1 to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>7.7.4 登陆pandas可以执行procedure
SQL> -- 有执行存储过程的权限,但没有 insert 对象权限,竟然也能执行成功.
SQL> conn pandas/pandas@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> exec scott.proc1;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
7.7.5 使用invoker_rights_clause加入AUTHID CURRENT_USER 参数再试试.
SQL>
SQL> conn scott/tiger@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> create or replace procedure proc1 AUTHID CURRENT_USER as
2 begin
3 insert into scott.a values(sysdate);
4 commit;
5 end;
6 /
Procedure created.
SQL> conn pandas/pandas@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL>7.7.6 执行报错
SQL>
SQL> conn pandas/pandas@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> exec scott.proc1;
BEGIN scott.proc1; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.PROC1", line 3
ORA-06512: at line 1
SQL> 7.7.7 赋权
SQL> conn scott/tiger@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> grant all on a to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn pandas/pandas@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> 7.7.8 执行成功
SQL>
SQL> exec scott.proc1;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> -- 在 execute 权限和 insert 权限都具备的情况下使操作成功,这可能是我们想要的.
SQL>
7.8 与权限有关的数据字典
7.8.1 权限相关数据字典
SESSION_PRIVS #用户当前会话拥有的系统权限
USER_ROLE_PRIVS #用户被授予的角色
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS #用户当前拥有的角色的系统权限
USER_SYS_PRIVS #直接授予用户的系统权限
USER_TAB_PRIVS #授予用户的对象权限
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS #授予角色的表的权限
7.8.2 数据字典格式
dba_xxx_privs、all_xxx_privs、user_xxx_privs
其中 xxx
:role 表示角色,
:sys 表示系统权限,
:tab 表示对象权限. 从哪个角度看,非常重要
7.8.3 举例
三个用户sys,scott,和pandas,
sys:
1)建立myrole角色,把connect角色和create table 系统权限以及update on scott.emp 对象权限放进myrole.
2)把myrole角色授给pandas.
3)把create table 系统权限授予pandas.
scott:
1)把 select on emp表的对象权限授予pandas
如此pandas用户有了如下角色和权限:
myrole (connect, create table, update on scott.emp) #role权限
create table #系统权限
select on emp #对象权限
7.8.3.1 建role
SQL>
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL>
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> drop user pandas cascade;
User dropped.
SQL> create user pandas identified by pandas;
User created.
SQL> create role myrole;
Role created.
SQL> 7.8.3.2 赋予myrole权限
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> grant connect,create table to myrole;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> grant update on scott.emp to myrole;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>
7.8.3.3 将myrole赋予pandas
SQL>
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> grant myrole to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>7.8.3.4 赋予create table对象权限
SQL>
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> grant create table to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>7.8.3.5 scott授予klaus对象权限
SQL>
SQL> conn scott/tiger@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> grant select on emp to pandas;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> 7.8.4 根据数据字典验证例中的权限和角色
从三个角度分析如何在数据字典里查看klaus拥有的角色和权限信息.
7.8.4.1 从dba角度看系统权限:
[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Mar 20 15:31:08 2023
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='PANDAS';
GRANTEE
------------------
PRIVILEGE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ADMIN_OPT COMMON INHERITED
--------- --------- ---------
PANDAS
CREATE TABLE
NO NO NO
SQL> col grantee format a10;
SQL> col owner format a10;
SQL> col table_name format a10;
SQL> col grantor format a10;
SQL> col privilege format a10;
SQL> select * from dba_tab_privs where grantee='PANDAS';
GRANTEE OWNER TABLE_NAME GRANTOR PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE HIERARCHY
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
COMMON
---------
TYPE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INHERITED
---------
PANDAS SCOTT EMP SCOTT SELECT NO NO
NO
TABLE
NO
SQL> -- 拥有的角色(不包含角色里的角色)
SQL> col granted_role format a10;
SQL> select * from dba_role_privs where grantee='PANDAS';
GRANTEE GRANTED_RO ADMIN_OPT DELEGATE_ DEFAULT_R COMMON INHERITED
---------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
PANDAS MYROLE NO NO YES NO NO
SQL> -- 查看这个角色里包含的角色
SQL> select * from dba_role_privs where grantee='MYROLE';
GRANTEE GRANTED_RO ADMIN_OPT DELEGATE_ DEFAULT_R COMMON INHERITED
---------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
MYROLE CONNECT NO NO YES NO NO
SQL> -- 查看这个角色里包含的系统权限
SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='MYROLE';
GRANTEE PRIVILEGE ADMIN_OPT COMMON INHERITED
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------
MYROLE CREATE TAB NO NO NO
LE
SQL> -- 查看这个角色里包含的对象权限
SQL> select * from dba_tab_privs where grantee='MYROLE';
GRANTEE OWNER TABLE_NAME GRANTOR PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE HIERARCHY
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
COMMON
---------
TYPE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INHERITED
---------
MYROLE SCOTT EMP SCOTT UPDATE NO NO
NO
TABLE
NO
SQL> 7.8.4.2 从当前用户角度看:
SQL> conn pandas/pandas@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> -- 查看和自己有关的角色(不含角色中含有的角色)
SQL> col username format a10;
SQL> select * from user_role_privs;
USERNAME GRANTED_RO ADMIN_OPT DELEGATE_ DEFAULT_R OS_GRANTE COMMON
---------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
INHERITED
---------
PANDAS MYROLE NO NO YES NO NO
NO
SQL> -- 查看和自己有关的系统权限(不含角色中的系统权限)
SQL> select * from user_sys_privs;
USERNAME PRIVILEGE ADMIN_OPT COMMON INHERITED
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------
PANDAS CREATE TAB NO NO NO
LE
SQL> -- 查看和自己有关的对象权限(不含角色中的对象权限)
SQL> col privilege format a20;
SQL> select * from user_tab_privs;
GRANTEE OWNER TABLE_NAME GRANTOR PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------
HIERARCHY COMMON
--------- ---------
TYPE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INHERITED
---------
PANDAS SCOTT EMP SCOTT SELECT NO
NO NO
TABLE
NO
GRANTEE OWNER TABLE_NAME GRANTOR PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------
HIERARCHY COMMON
--------- ---------
TYPE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INHERITED
---------
PUBLIC SYS PANDAS PANDAS INHERIT PRIVILEGES NO
NO NO
USER
NO
SQL> -- 角色里包含的角色
SQL> select * from role_role_privs;
ROLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRANTED_RO ADMIN_OPT COMMON INHERITED
---------- --------- --------- ---------
MYROLE
CONNECT NO NO NO
SQL> -- 角色里包括的系统权限
SQL> select * from role_sys_privs;
ROLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRIVILEGE ADMIN_OPT COMMON INHERITED
-------------------- --------- --------- ---------
MYROLE
CREATE TABLE NO NO NO
CONNECT
CREATE SESSION NO YES YES
CONNECT
SET CONTAINER NO YES YES
SQL> -- 角色里包括的对象权限
SQL> col column_name format a10;
SQL> select * from role_tab_privs;
ROLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OWNER TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAM PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE COMMON
---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- --------- ---------
INHERITED
---------
MYROLE
SCOTT EMP UPDATE NO NO
NO
SQL> -- 查看和自己有关的系统权限(包括角色里的权限)
SQL> select * from session_privs;
PRIVILEGE
--------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE TABLE
SET CONTAINER
SQL> 7.8.4.3从scott用户查看
SQL>
SQL> conn scott/tiger@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> col tab_schema format a10;
SQL> select * from all_tab_privs where grantee='PANDAS';
GRANTOR GRANTEE
---------- ----------
TABLE_SCHEMA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE_NAME PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE HIERARCHY COMMON
---------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------
TYPE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INHERITED
---------
SCOTT PANDAS
SCOTT
EMP SELECT NO NO NO
GRANTOR GRANTEE
---------- ----------
TABLE_SCHEMA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE_NAME PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE HIERARCHY COMMON
---------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------
TYPE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INHERITED
---------
TABLE
NO
SQL>
SQL> select * from all_tab_privs where table_name='EMP';
GRANTOR GRANTEE
---------- ----------
TABLE_SCHEMA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE_NAME PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE HIERARCHY COMMON
---------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------
TYPE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INHERITED
---------
SCOTT PANDAS
SCOTT
EMP SELECT NO NO NO
GRANTOR GRANTEE
---------- ----------
TABLE_SCHEMA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE_NAME PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE HIERARCHY COMMON
---------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------
TYPE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INHERITED
---------
TABLE
NO
GRANTOR GRANTEE
---------- ----------
TABLE_SCHEMA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE_NAME PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE HIERARCHY COMMON
---------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------
TYPE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INHERITED
---------
SCOTT MYROLE
SCOTT
EMP UPDATE NO NO NO
GRANTOR GRANTEE
---------- ----------
TABLE_SCHEMA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE_NAME PRIVILEGE GRANTABLE HIERARCHY COMMON
---------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------
TYPE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INHERITED
---------
TABLE
NO
SQL> 7.9 更改密码
sys 建立用户时设置的用户密码保存在数据字典中,用户登录再更改密码.这些密码是加密形式存在的,DBA也无法知晓.
sys不知道用户密码,又想登录该账户,但不想打扰用户.怎样做?
SQL>
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select name,password from user$ where name='SCOTT';
no rows selected
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> select name,password from user$ where name='SCOTT';
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PASSWORD
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT
F894844C34402B67
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> alter user scott identified by scott;
User altered.
SQL> conn scott/scott@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL>
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> alter user scott identified by values 'F894844C34402B67';
User altered.
SQL> conn scott/scott@PDB1;
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
SQL> conn scott/tiger@PDB1;
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL>
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