1、 环境
CentOS 6.4
前言:CentOS 6.4系统自带的有python2.6.6版本
2、下载文件
python官网:https://www.python.org/downloads/
版本:python-2.7.3
setuptools官网:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools#downloads
版本:setuptools-0.6c11
pip官网:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip#downloads
版本:pip-1.5.6.tar.gz
pymongo官网:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pymongo#downloads
版本:pymongo-2.7.2.tar.gz
xlrd官网:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd
版本:xlrd-0.9.3.tar.gz
xlwt官网:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt
版本:xlwt-0.7.5.tar.gz
xlutils官网:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlutils
版本:xlutils-1.7.1.tar.gz
cx_Oracle官网:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cx_Oracle/5.1.3
版本:cx_Oracle-5.1.3.tar.gz
3、安装Python2.7.3
- 1、查看系统自带的python版本
[root@vm4 webapps]# python -V
Python 2.6.6
yum install gcc
yum install zlib
yum install zlib-devel
yum install freetype freetype-devel
yum install libpng-devel
yum install openssl -y
yum install openssl-devel -y
yum install -y libstdc++
yum groupinstall "Development tools"
yum install libjpeg libjpeg-devel zlib zlib-devel freetype freetype-devel lcms lcms-devel
- 2、解压安装python
[root@vm4 logs]#cd /usr
[root@vm4 usr]# mkdir -p python
[root@vm4 usr]# cd python/
将下载的文件Python-2.7.3.tgz上传至python文件夹内
[root@vm4 python]#tar -zvxf Python-2.7.3.tgz
[root@vm4 python]# cd Python-2.7.3
[root@vm4 Python-2.7.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7.3
[root@vm4 Python-2.7.3]# make
[root@vm4 Python-2.7.3]# make install
- 3、安装成功后目录
[root@vm4 Python-2.7.3]# ll /usr/local/python2.7.3/
总计 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 03-21 10:12 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 03-21 10:07 include
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 03-21 10:07 lib
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 03-21 10:07 share
- 4、建立软件链接
[root@vm4 Python-2.7.3]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.3/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7.3
[root@vm4 Python-2.7.3]# python2.7.3
Python 2.7.3 (default, Mar 21 2013, 10:06:48)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)] on linux2
注意:这里先不要做软链,等备份好后再做软链
如果执行操作
[root@vm4 Python-2.7.3]#ln -s /usr/python/python2.7.3/bin/python /usr/bin/python
修改老版本的ln指向后,可能会影响yum的使用,yum兼容python2.6版本。这里的软链地址应该是有错的,应该为ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.3/bin/python /usr/bin/python
(暂未执行)操作到这里,python就安装成功了.
4、安装python-devel
[root@vm4 python]# yum install python-devel
Installed:
python-devel.x86_64 0:2.6.6-52.el6
Dependency Updated:
python.x86_64 0:2.6.6-52.el6 python-
libs.x86_64 0:2.6.6-52.el6
Complete!
注意:由于python-devel问题,建议python使用默认的版本2.6.6。上面只是介绍如何安装python。
5、安装setuptools
注意:安装成功python之后,才能安装setuptools
- 1、将下载的文件上传setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz至python文件夹内
- 2、解压安装setuptools-0.6c11
[root@vm4 python]# tar -zxvf setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
[root@vm4 setuptools-0.6c11]# cd setuptools-0.6c11
[root@vm4 setuptools-0.6c11]# Python-2.7.3 setup.py install
返回如下表示安装成功:
Installed /usr/python/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
- 3、建立软链接
[root@vm4 setuptools-0.6c11]#ln -s /usr/local/python-2.7.3/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install-2.7.3
- 4、测试
[root@vm4 setuptools-0.6c11]#easy_install2.7.3 numpy
6、安装pip
- 1、将下载的文件上传pip-1.5.6.tar.gz至python文件夹内
- 2、解压安装pip-1.5.6
[root@vm4 python]#tar -zxvf pip-1.5.6
[root@vm4 python]# cd pip-1.5.6
[root@vm4 pip-1.5.6]# Python-2.7.3 setup.py install
返回如下表示安装成功:
Installed /usr/python/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for pip==1.5.6
Finished processing dependencies for pip==1.5.6
- 3、建立软链接
[root@vm4 pip-1.5.6]#ln -s /usr/local/python-2.7.3/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip-2.7.3
- 4、测试
[root@vm4 pip-1.5.6]#pip-2.7.3 install nose
增加一步:pip install pillow (17.07.25,可以不用)
7、安装pymongo
python操作mongo时,需要安装此插件
- 第一种方法:
[root@vm4 python]# pip-2.7.3 install pymongo
- 第二种方法:
1、下载文件pymongo-2.7.2.tar.gz并上传至python
2、解压安装
[root@vm4 python]#tar -zxvf pymongo-2.7.2.tar.gz
[root@vm4 python]# cd pymongo-2.7.2
[root@vm4 pymongo-2.7.2]# Python-2.7.3 setup.py install
返回如下表示安装成功:
Installed /usr/python/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pymongo-2.7.2-py2.7-linux-
x86_64.egg
Processing dependencies for pymongo==2.7.2
Finished processing dependencies for pymongo==2.7.2
8、安装xlrd、xlwt、xlutils
xlrd:是python从excel读数据的第三方控件;
xlwt:是python从excel写数据的第三方控件;
xlutils:是python使用xlrd、xlwt的工具箱。若安装不成功,可能原因是需要安装setuptools。
- 第一种方法:
[root@vm4 python]# pip-2.7.3 install xlrd
[root@vm4 python]# pip-2.7.3 install xlwt
[root@vm4 python]# pip-2.7.3 install xlutils
- 第二种方法:
1、下载文件xlrd-0.9.3.tar.gz,xlwt-0.7.5.tar.gz,xlutils-1.7.1.tar.gz并上传至python
2、解压安装xlrd
[root@vm4 python]# tar -zxvf xlrd-0.9.3.tar.gz
[root@vm4 python]# cd xlrd-0.9.3
[root@vm4 xlrd-0.9.3]# Python-2.7.3 setup.py install
3、解压安装xlwt
[root@vm4 python]# tar -zxvf xlwt-0.7.5.tar.gz
[root@vm4 python]# cd xlwt-0.7.5
[root@vm4 xlwt-0.7.5]# Python-2.7.3 setup.py install
4、解压安装xlutils
[root@vm4 python]# tar -zxvf xlutils-1.7.1.tar.gz
[root@vm4 python]# cd xlutils-1.7.1
[root@vm4 xlutils-1.7.1]# Python-2.7.3 setup.py install
9、安装cx_Oracle
python操作oracle时, 需要安装此插件。安装完oracle客户端之后才能安装cx_Oracle.
[root@vm4 python]# pip-2.7.3 install cx_Oracle
Downloading/unpacking cx-Oracle
Downloading cx_Oracle-5.1.3.tar.gz (104kB): 104kB downloaded
Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/cx-Oracle/setup.py) egg_info for package cx-Oracle
Installing collected packages: cx-Oracle
Running setup.py install for cx-Oracle
building 'cx_Oracle' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/opt/oracle/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c cx_Oracle.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g/cx_Oracle.o -DBUILD_VERSION=5.1.3
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g/cx_Oracle.o -L/opt/oracle/instantclient_11_2/ -L/usr/lib64 -lclntsh -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g/cx_Oracle.so
Successfully installed cx-Oracle
Cleaning up...
安装成功后建立软链接
[root@localhost instantclient_11_2]# ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so
(以上安装成功后的包在/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages)
10、安装过程中遇到的问题(重要)
- 1、在安装了Python2.7.3之后,执行
1. [root@vm4 Python-2.7.3]#mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6.6
2. [root@vm4 Python-2.7.3]#ln -s /usr/local/python-2.7.3/bin/python /usr/bin/python
再使用yum时,报错:It’s possible that the above module doesn’t match the current version of Python
分析原因:CentOS 6.4系统默认Python版本是2.6.6,需要升级到Python 2.7.3,由于yum包管理是用python写的,仅仅单独升级python会导致yum无法使用.
出现这种情况的主要原因在于新安装的Python没有YUM服务所依赖的Packages.
解决方法:查找yum文件,并编辑此py文件
[root@Centos ~]# which yum
/usr/bin/yum
[root@Centos ~]# vi /usr/bin/yum
将
#!/usr/bin/python
改为:
#!/usr/bin/python2.6.6
然后保存OK.
另外,还有一种可能也同样会导致无法使用yum,就是/usr/bin下的python、python2、python2.4三个文件一定不能改变。理论上说yum只是基于python语言,跟版本并没有关系,但是升级过程中确实会出现问题
- 2、在python运行过程中出现如下错误:
python错误:ImportError: No module named setuptools
这句错误提示的表面意思是:没有setuptools的模块,说明python缺少这个模块,那我们只要安装这个
模块即可解决此问题
解决方法:安装setuptools
- 3、执行python脚本时,报错
[root@vm4 statistics]# Python-2.7.3 generator.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "generator.py", line 3, in <module>
import cx_Oracle
ImportError: No module named cx_Oracle
解决方法:安装cx_Oracle
- 4、[root@localhost site-packages]# pip install cx_Oracle报错:
Downloading/unpacking cx-Oracle
Downloading cx_Oracle-5.1.3.tar.gz (104kB): 104kB downloaded
Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/cx-Oracle/setup.py) egg_info for package cx-Oracle
Installing collected packages: cx-Oracle
Running setup.py install for cx-Oracle
building 'cx_Oracle' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/opt/oracle/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c cx_Oracle.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g/cx_Oracle.o -DBUILD_VERSION=5.1.3
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g/cx_Oracle.o -L/opt/oracle/instantclient_11_2/ -L/usr/lib64 -lclntsh -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g/cx_Oracle.so
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lclntsh
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/cx-Oracle/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-ONXD3d-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
running install
running build
running build_ext
building 'cx_Oracle' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/opt/oracle/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c cx_Oracle.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g/cx_Oracle.o -DBUILD_VERSION=5.1.3
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g/cx_Oracle.o -L/opt/oracle/instantclient_11_2/ -L/usr/lib64 -lclntsh -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6-11g/cx_Oracle.so
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lclntsh
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/cx-Oracle/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-ONXD3d-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/cx-Oracle
Storing debug log for failure in /root/.pip/pip.log
解决方法:[root@localhost instantclient_11_2]# ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so
5、
执行python脚本时,报./startup.sh: Permission denied
解决方法:chmod u+x *.sh6、
[root@localhost statistics]# ./generator.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./generator.py", line 3, in <module>
import cx_Oracle
ImportError: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决方法:[root@localhost statistics]# yum install libaio
11、python和python-dev以及boost.python的关系
很多时候,很多人搞不清楚,python和python-dev以及boost.python的关系。python是执行环境
,如果你要c/c++中调用python,或者python调用c或者c++,则需要python-dev。boost.python仅仅是对python-dev进行了封装,很多函数,两边都具有同样的功能,也就是说用python-dev中的也可以如run1
函数,用boost.python中的也行如run2,boost.python的接口封装得更为友好而已如异常处理。
1、下载PIL的Source Kit(因为这个包支持全部平台) Imaging–1.1.7.tar.gz
http://effbot.org/downloads/Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
2、解压缩包 tar -zxvf Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
3、进入到解压后的目录 cd Imaging-1.1.7
4、Build pakage: python setup.py build_ext -i
5、测试; python selftest.py
增加这一步,vi setup.py 修改JPEG路径,不管上面测试结果
6、安装 python setup.py install
执行完上述操作后,可以直接在程序用使用 import Image进行使用PIL中的Image类!
JPEG_ROOT = "/usr/lib64/"
ZLIB_ROOT = "/usr/lib64/"
关于打APK包,先测试一下 ./aapt -v 是否可以运行
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/sole_cc/article/details/51415940
/lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found
strings /lib64/libc.so.6 | grep GLIBC
ll /lib64/libc.so.6
1. wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.15.tar.gz
2.
3. wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-ports-2.15.tar.gz
4.
5. tar -xvf glibc-2.15.tar.gz
6.
7. tar -xvf glibc-ports-2.15.tar.gz
8.
9. mv glibc-ports-2.15 glibc-2.15/ports
10.
11. mkdir glibc-build-2.15
12.
13.
14. cd glibc-build-2.15
15.
16.
17. ../glibc-2.15/configure --prefix=/usr --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --with-headers=/usr/include --with-binutils=/usr/bin
18.
19.
20. make
21. make install
./zipalign 错误 yum install glibc.i686
yum install libstdc++.so.6
yum install zlib.i686