Ubuntu--更改国内镜像源(阿里、网易、清华、中科大)

本文提供了一步一步的指南,教你如何在Ubuntu系统中更换软件源,以提高软件包的下载速度。通过更改/etc/apt/sources.list文件中的镜像地址,可以使用阿里、网易、清华或中科大等国内镜像源,从而加速软件的更新和安装过程。

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 打开Ubuntu的终端输入:

    maliao@ubuntu:~$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
    [sudo] maliao 的密码: 输入密码回车即可

将镜像地址更改为以下任意一个地址(下面提供了阿里,网易,清华,中科大镜像源地址),保存即可。

更换好源之后执行下方命令更新:

sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get upgrade

    #阿里源
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

    #网易源
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

    #清华源
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

    ##中科大源
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


---------------------
作者:白菜先森
来源:优快云
原文:https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/young_foryou/article/details/85259017
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

<think>我们正在处理用户的问题:如何将Ubuntu18.04的APT软件源更换为国内镜像源。根据引用内容,我们可以总结以下步骤:1.备份当前的sources.list文件(引用[3]提到使用cp命令备份)2.编辑sources.list文件(引用[3]使用gedit,也可以用其他编辑器)3.从国内镜像源(如阿里云)获取适用于Ubuntu18.04(代号bionic)的源内容,并替换原有内容。4.保存文件后,运行sudo apt-get update更新软件包列表。5.(可选)运行sudo apt-get upgrade来升级已安装的软件包。另外,引用[1]和[2]提醒我们注意:软件源可能被配置在/etc/apt/sources.list和/etc/apt/sources.list.d/目录下的单独文件中。如果出现重复配置的警告,需要检查并处理这些文件。因此,在更换源时,我们不仅要修改/etc/apt/sources.list,还要检查/etc/apt/sources.list.d/目录下是否有重复配置的源,特别是那些也包含bionic字样的文件。步骤详细说明:步骤1:备份现有源```sudocp /etc/apt/sources.list/etc/apt/sources.list.bak```步骤2:检查/etc/apt/sources.list.d/目录下是否有包含bionic的第三方源文件,如果有,可以将其备份并删除(或者注释掉),以避免重复。但注意:如果这些文件是必要的第三方软件源,则只需确保没有重复的源即可,或者将其中的bionic源也替换为国内镜像。步骤3:编辑sources.list文件,替换为国内镜像源国内常用的镜像源有:-阿里云:https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/-清华大学:https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/-网易:http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/-中科大:https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/以阿里云为例,Ubuntu18.04(bionic)的源内容如下:```debhttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/bionicmain restricteduniverse multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/bionic-security mainrestricted universemultiversedebhttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates mainrestricted universemultiversedebhttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed mainrestricted universemultiversedebhttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports mainrestricted universemultiversedeb-srchttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic mainrestricted universemultiversedeb-srchttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-securitymain restricteduniverse multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/bionic-updatesmain restricteduniverse multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/bionic-proposedmain restricteduniverse multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/bionic-backportsmain restricteduniverse multiverse```步骤4:保存文件后,执行更新:```sudoapt-getupdate```步骤5:如果更新过程中出现错误,请检查错误信息,可能是格式错误或重复配置。根据引用[1]和[2]的提示,如果出现重复配置的警告,需要检查并修改/etc/apt/sources.list.d/目录下的相关文件。步骤6:更新成功后,可以升级软件包:```sudo apt-get upgrade```注意:在替换源内容时,确保每一行的开头是deb或deb-src,然后是镜像地址,接着是发行版代号(bionic),最后是组件(main, restricted等)。根据引用[4],我们了解到发行版代号(bionic)和发行类型(如stable)的区别。在配置时,我们使用代号bionic。现在,我们将按照用户要求,用中文给出清晰的步骤。</think>### Ubuntu 18.04 更换 APT 软件源为国内镜像源步骤 #### 1. **备份原配置文件** ```bash sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak ``` 此命令创建原始源的备份,防止操作失误[^3]。 #### 2. **检查现有源配置** ```bash grep -r "bionic" /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ ``` - 检查主文件(`sources.list`)和子目录(`sources.list.d/`)中的重复配置[^1][^2] - 若发现重复条目(如`xenial-partner.list`),需注释或删除 #### 3. **编辑软件源文件** ```bash sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list # 或使用 nano/vim ``` 删除所有内容,替换为国内镜像源(以阿里云为例): ``` deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse ``` > **关键说明** > - `bionic` 是 Ubuntu 18.04 的发行版代号[^4] > - 其他可选镜像源: > - 清华大学:`https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/` > - 中科大:`https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/` #### 4. **更新软件包列表** ```bash sudo apt-get update ``` - 成功标志:显示新镜像源地址(如 `mirrors.aliyun.com`)且无报错 - 若出现 `W: 目标被配置多次` 错误,需检查步骤2的重复项[^1] #### 5. **升级系统(可选)** ```bash sudo apt-get upgrade ``` 此命令安装可用更新[^3] --- ### 常见问题解决 1. **重复配置警告** ```bash sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*xenial*.list # 删除冲突文件 ``` 2. **找不到 bionic 条目** 检查是否误用其他版本代号(如 `xenial`),确保所有条目包含 `bionic`[^4] 3. **HTTPS 证书问题** 将源地址中的 `https` 改为 `http`,或安装CA证书: ```bash sudo apt install ca-certificates ``` > **验证版本**:执行 `lsb_release -a` 确认系统版本为 Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic)[^3]
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