mysql的备份与恢复

1.备份cancer数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| cancer             |
| cancer_utf8        |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.05 sec)

2.备份的方向符号为(>)

[root@mysql 3306]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock cancer >/opt/cancer_bak.sql
Enter password:

3.查看备份的语句

[root@mysql 3306]# egrep -v "#|\*|--|^$" /opt/cancer_bak.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `names` char(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
LOCK TABLES `student` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (1,'???'),(2,'è€??”·?-?');
UNLOCK TABLES;

4.备份恢复的方向符号为(<)

[root@mysql 3306]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock cancer </opt/cancer_bak.sql

加-B的备份与恢复
1.备份

[root@mysql 3306]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -B cancer >/opt/cancer_bak_B.sql
Enter password:
[root@mysql 3306]# cd /opt
[root@mysql opt]# diff cancer_bak.sql cancer_bak_B.sql
18a19,26
> -- Current Database: `cancer`
> --
>
> CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `cancer` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
>
> USE `cancer`;
>
> --
51c59
< -- Dump completed on 2015-08-16 16:16:33
---
> -- Dump completed on 2015-08-16 16:22:32

2.恢复

[root@mysql opt]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock  </opt/cancer_bak_B.sql

3.压缩备份

[root@mysql opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock  -B cancer|gzip >/opt/cancer_bak_gzip.sql.gz
Enter password:

4.备份多个库

[root@mysql opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock  -B cancer cancer_utf8 >/opt/cancer_mul_bak
Enter password:

5.多库备份脚本

[root@mysql opt]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock  -e "show databases;"|grep -Evi "database|infor|perfor"|sed -r 's#^([a-z].*$)#mysqldump -uroot -pcancer -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -B --events \1|gzip >/opt/\1.sql.gz#g'|bash
Enter password:

脚本的显示内容

mysqldump -uroot -pcancer -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -B mysql|gzip >/opt/mysql.sql.gz
mysqldump -uroot -pcancer -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -B cancer|gzip >/opt/cancer.sql.gz
mysqldump -uroot -pcancer -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -B cancer_utf8|gzip >/opt/cancer_utf8.sql.gz
mysqldump -uroot -pcancer -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -B test|gzip >/opt/test.sql.gz

1.备份具体某个库中的某个表

[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock  cancer student test
Enter password:
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `names` char(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (1,'???'),(2,'è€??”·?-?');
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `test` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

2.只备份表结构

[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -d  cancer
Enter password:
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `names` char(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `test` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -d  cancer student
Enter password:
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `names` char(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

3.只备份数据

[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -t  cancer student
Enter password:
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (1,'???'),(2,'è€??”·?-?');