android Application Context介绍

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-09 14:35:59 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-09 14:35:59 发布

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分类专栏： android原理

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本文介绍了Android中的Context概念，特别是Application Context。通过类图解析，展示了Context如何通过ContextWrapper和ContextImpl实现。在应用程序启动时，ActivityThread在接收到BIND_APPLICATION消息时，会创建ApplicationContext，这一过程涉及到了makeApplication()方法，用于初始化ContextImpl和Application实例。

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在android中， Context表示运行时上下文，其类图为：
这里写图片描述
由图中可以看到Activity、Service、Application都是继承ContextWrapper，而ContextWrapper类实现了Context接口。其中ContextWrapper是Context的包装类，真正的实现类为ContextIml，ContextWrapper类有个成员变量：

public class ContextWrapper extends Context {
    Context mBase;

    public ContextWrapper(Context base) {
        mBase = base;
    }

    /**
     * Set the base context for this ContextWrapper.  All calls will then be
     * delegated to the base context.  Throws
     * IllegalStateException if a base context has already been set.
     * 
     * @param base The new base context for this wrapper.
     */
    protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
        if (mBase != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Base context already set");
        }
        mBase = base;
    }

其中mBase为ContextIml类的实例，ContextImpl类有内部类ServiceFetcher和StaticServiceFetcher类，

/*package*/ static class ServiceFetcher {
        int mContextCacheIndex = -1;

        /**
         * Main entrypoint; only override if you don't need caching.
         */
        public Object getService(ContextImpl ctx) {
            ArrayList<Object> cache = ctx.mServiceCache;
            Object service;
            synchronized (cache) {
                if (cache.size() == 0) {
                    // Initialize the cache vector on first access.
                    // At this point sNextPerContextServiceCacheIndex
                    // is the number of potential services that are
                    // cached per-Context.
                    for (int i = 0; i < sNextPerContextServiceCacheIndex; i++) {
                        cache.add(null);
                    }
                } else {
                    service = cache.get(mContextCacheIndex);
                    if (service != null) {
                        return service;
                    }
                }
                service = createService(ctx);
                cache.set(mContextCacheIndex, service);
                return service;
            }
        }

这个代码里面，首先会去mServiceCache里面去取，如果缓存里面没有，那么会调用createService创建一个service，然后添加缓存里面，然后返回。其中createService()是一个抽象方法，需要子类去实现。ContextImpl构造方法如下：

public ContextImpl(ContextImpl context) {
        mPackageInfo = context.mPackageInfo;
        mBasePackageName = context.mBasePackageName;
        mOpPackageName = context.mOpPackageName;
        mResources = context.mResources;
        mMainThread = context.mMainThread;
        mContentResolver = context.mContentResolver;
        mUser = context.mUser;
        mDisplay = context.mDisplay;
        mOuterContext = this;
        mDisplayAdjustments.setCompatibilityInfo(mPackageInfo.getCompatibilityInfo());
    }

就是对成员变量进行赋值。
在app启动的时候，会去创建一个ApplicationContext，代码在ActivityThread收到BIND_APPLICATION消息的时候，

case BIND_APPLICATION:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "bindApplication");
                    AppBindData data = (AppBindData)msg.obj;
                    handleBindApplication(data);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;

在这里，首先会去取携带的AppBindData数据，然后调用handleBindApplication()方法，在handleBindApplication()方法里面，会去调用makeApplication()方法进行初始化，

public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
            Instrumentation instrumentation) {
        if (mApplication != null) {
            return mApplication;
        }

        Application app = null;

        String appClass = mApplicationInfo.className;
        if (forceDefaultAppClass || (appClass == null)) {
            appClass = "android.app.Application";
        }

        try {
            java.lang.ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader();
            ContextImpl appContext = new ContextImpl();
            appContext.init(this, null, mActivityThread);
            app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
                    cl, appClass, appContext);
            appContext.setOuterContext(app);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (!mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Unable to instantiate application " + appClass
                    + ": " + e.toString(), e);
            }
        }
        mActivityThread.mAllApplications.add(app);
        mApplication = app;

        if (instrumentation != null) {
            try {
                instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (!instrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(
                        "Unable to create application " + app.getClass().getName()
                        + ": " + e.toString(), e);
                }
            }
        }

        return app;
    }